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Summary Grade 12 Biology $4.29
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Summary Grade 12 Biology

 3 veces vendidas
  • Grado
  • Biology
  • Institución
  • 12th Grade

I have summarised my grade 11 and 12 text books. These notes are in-depth and gives everything you need to know. Read these notes and you will have an in-depth understanding that will allow you to do well in your exams.

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Información del documento

  • 31 de enero de 2022
  • 36
  • 2021/2022
  • Resumen

Temas

  • pdf notes
  • biology
  • life science
  • grade1112

Escuela, estudio y materia

  • 12th Grade
  • Biology
  • 200
Todos documentos para esta materia (243)

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Structure was discovered by Watson + Crick in 1953
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In 1953 Rosalind Frank helped didn't get Prize




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discover , but died and a nobel



structure of DNA :
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sugar .




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, Hydrogen
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Steps Containing bases held together by weak hydrogen bonds
•

or
rungs
of DNA made of 4 Nitrogen -




•

Purines (double carbon -


nitrogen rings) include adenine (A) and guanine (G)
•


Pyrimidines (single carbon -

nitrogen rings) includes thymine G) and cytosine (c)




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, DNA Replication :
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•


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makes exact copies the .
not ,
a mutation occurs


1. The double helix unwinds and flattens out

2. An enzyme .
DNA helicase unzips the strand ,
at the weak hydrogen bond this exposes the
Nitrogen bases

3. Free nucleotides in the nucleus bond to the expose bases ,
following the base
pair ruling
-


G -



C and A T Another enzyme DNA
-

.
,
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for recapping the strands


4. The base pairing continues until the entire strand has their complement Whfrf IS DNA FOUND 8
5. Now there are two identical strand of DNA
•
Found in nucleus + cytoplasm
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y to +.

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3. Life at Molecular ,
Cellular and tissue level → DNA .
the code to life Two nucleic Acids are :




1. Deoxy ribonucleic Acid ( DNA)
"

2nudeiAidRNA
" "

Molecules
"
W of life
Nucleic acids called or Most extraordinary molecules on Earth

Control
•


Cellular Activity

Development
•




of organisms
" "
↳
Done by Controlling the synthesis of Proteins


first step making Proteins
•




"
"
W Proteins make up structures , ENZYMES
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Controlling Chemical Processes
•



inside cell

↳ Thus , control structure + Functioning of all Living organisms




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body cells

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6
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B-•
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.




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Sydney Brenner
1-


•
Triplet code was used in reading genetic material in DNA 1- transferring info from Nucleus
to RNA to
cytoplasm via where Proteins are made


•
In DNA ,
form is function : Double -

stranded molecule could both Produce exact copies of itself

( replicate) 1- Carry genetic instructions
ie
Sequence bases form info be stored and
.
of in DNA a code
by which genetic can


transmitted


where is DNA found ?
•

mainly in the Nucleus of the cell


•
Forms Part of the Chromosomes that make up the
chromatine network


-
Chromatin =
Chromosomal material made up of DNA tRNA
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as in a non
dividing
-




•
DNA molecule is coiled so that these long structures
can fit inside the nucleus


•
I 2
metres DNA in a cell

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