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Samenvatting De medisch gecompromitteerde patiënt

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Samenvatting jaar 2 van de opleiding Mondzorgkunde. Van de colleges de medisch gecompromitteerde patiënt, de medische casussen en een deel samengevat uit het boek 'De anatomie en fysiologie van de mens'. Door het leren van deze samenvatting heb ik een 6,2 gehaald voor mijn tentamen!

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  • February 3, 2022
  • 81
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
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Mondzorgkunde, jaar 2


MEDISCH
GECOMPROMITTEERDE
PATIËNT




Samenvatting van de colleges
medisch gecompromitteerde
patiënt & medische casuïstiek

0

,Inhoudsopgave
Fysiologie Spijsverteringsstelsel ..................................................................................................................3
Wand spijsverteringskanaal ..........................................................................................................................3
Mondholte (Cavum oris) ................................................................................................................................4
Keelholte (Pharynx) ........................................................................................................................................6
Slokdarm (Oesophagus) .................................................................................................................................6
Maag (Ventriculus/Gaster).............................................................................................................................7
Dunne darm (Intestinum tenue) ....................................................................................................................9
Dikke darm (intestinum crassum) ................................................................................................................13
Spijsverteringsklieren en galwegen ..........................................................................................................15
Pancreas (alvleesklier)..................................................................................................................................15
Hepar (lever) ................................................................................................................................................15
Suikerstofwisseling.......................................................................................................................................17
Vetstofwisseling ...........................................................................................................................................18
Eiwitstofwisseling .........................................................................................................................................18
Opslag en warmteproductie ........................................................................................................................19
Ontgiften ......................................................................................................................................................19
Uitscheiden ..................................................................................................................................................19
Galafvoerwegen ...........................................................................................................................................20
Voedingsstoffen ...........................................................................................................................................20
Koolhydraten (suikers) .................................................................................................................................21
Lipiden..........................................................................................................................................................23
Eiwitten ........................................................................................................................................................24
Mineralen .....................................................................................................................................................25
Vitaminen .....................................................................................................................................................25
Water ...........................................................................................................................................................26
Ziekten spijsverteringsstelsel & zenuwstelsel relevant voor tandheelkunde ..............................................28
Gastro-oesofageale refluxziekte ..................................................................................................................28
Bescherming maagslijmvlies bij gebruik analgetica .....................................................................................29
Coeliakie .......................................................................................................................................................30
Obesitas .......................................................................................................................................................31
Anorexia nervosa en boulimia nervosa ........................................................................................................33
Ziekten zenuwstelsel relevant voor de tandheelkunde ..............................................................................36
Ziekte van Parkinson ....................................................................................................................................36
Epilepsie .......................................................................................................................................................36
Multipele sclerose (MS) ...............................................................................................................................39
Dementie .....................................................................................................................................................40
Cerebrovasculair accident (CVA) ..................................................................................................................41
Fysiologie en pathofysiologie urinewegstelsel ..........................................................................................43
Urinewegstelsel............................................................................................................................................43
Nieren ..........................................................................................................................................................43
Nierwerking ..................................................................................................................................................46
Osmoregulatie..............................................................................................................................................47
Juxtaglomerulaire cellen ..............................................................................................................................47
RAAS .............................................................................................................................................................47
Natriuretische peptide .................................................................................................................................48
Regulering zuurgraad ...................................................................................................................................48
Aanmaak erytrocyten...................................................................................................................................48
Urine ............................................................................................................................................................48
Urinewegen ..................................................................................................................................................49
Urinebuis ......................................................................................................................................................49
Ziekten urinewegstelsel relevant voor de tandheelkunde .........................................................................50
Chronische nierinsufficiëntie .......................................................................................................................50



1

, Dialyse ..........................................................................................................................................................51
Niertransplantatie ........................................................................................................................................53
Immunosuppressiva .....................................................................................................................................53
Infectieuze endocarditis ............................................................................................................................55
2 vormen ......................................................................................................................................................55
Mogelijke gevolgen ......................................................................................................................................55
Acute endocarditis .......................................................................................................................................56
Subacute endocarditis..................................................................................................................................56
Behandeling .................................................................................................................................................57
Antibiotica ....................................................................................................................................................57
Endocarditisprofylaxe ..................................................................................................................................58
Beleid ...........................................................................................................................................................59
Medische casuïstiek ..................................................................................................................................60
Casus 1 - CVA................................................................................................................................................60
Casus 2 – Diabetes Mellitus .........................................................................................................................62
Diabetes mellitus type I ...............................................................................................................................63
Diabetes mellitus type II...............................................................................................................................63
Hypoglykemie...............................................................................................................................................65
Casus 3 - Anorexia ........................................................................................................................................65
Casus 4 - HIV (humane immunodeficiëntie virus) ........................................................................................67
Casus 5 – Hartklepafwijking .........................................................................................................................68
Casus 6 – Hypertensie ..................................................................................................................................70
Casus 7 – Thyroïd (schildklier) ......................................................................................................................71
Casus 8 – Angina pectoris, hartritmestoornissen en ICD .............................................................................75
Casus 9 – Epilepsie .......................................................................................................................................77
Casus 9 – Herpes labialis ..............................................................................................................................79




2

, Fysiologie Spijsverteringsstelsel

Medische anamnese
In de medische anamnese komen vragen voor die gaan over het spijsverteringsstelsel.
- Hebt u een leverziekte?
- Hebt u een chronische maag-darmziekte?

Spijsverteringskanaal
Holle verbinding tusse de mond en de anus. Ongeveer 8 meter lang.
- Cavum oris (mondholte)
- Pharynx (keelholte)
- Oesophagus (slokdarm)
- Ventriculus of gaster (maag)
- Intestinum tenue (dunne darm)
- Intestinum crassum (dike darm)
- Anus

Functie spijsverteringsstelsel
- Opname van voedsel uit het uitwendige milieu (eten en drinken)
- Mechanische verkleining en menging van het voedsel (kauwen en kneden)
- Chemische bewerking door enzymen (vertering)
- Vervoer van voedsel door het spijsverteringskanaal (peristaltiek)
- Overdracht van de voedingsstoffen aan het bloed (resorptie)
- Uitscheiding van onverteerde en onverteerbare stoffen (ontlasting)

Ondersteunende organen (in verbinding met het spijsverteringskanaal)
- Glandula salivaria (speekselklieren)
- Pancreas (alvleesklier)
- Hepar (lever)
- Vesica fellea (galblaas)

Wand spijsverteringskanaal
Bijna overal opgebouwd uit dezelfde lagen. De variaties
hebben te maken met de specifieke functies van dat deel
van het spijsverteringskanaal.

1. Mucosa (slijmvlies)
- Epitheellaag met slijm producerende cellen,
kliercellen en afvoerbuizen van klieren.
- Functie slijm:
- Glijmiddel voedseltransport
- Beschermt wand tegen chemische
inwerking van verteringssappen

2. Lamina propria mucosae
Dun laagje bindweefsel



3

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