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Samenvatting medische microbiologie, cijfer: 8,4!
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overzichtelijke samenvatting. ik heb hier een 8,4 voor gehaald!
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Samenvatting Medische microbiologie P4 jaar 1 LSC Inholland, 2020-2021Door Julia Muskee
Inhoudsopgave
Week 1: Het Urinewegsysteem en urineweginfecties ............................................................................ 3
1. Het urinewegsysteem.................................................................................................................. 3
1.1 De functies van de nieren .......................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Anatomie van de nier ................................................................................................................ 3
1.3 Nefronen.................................................................................................................................... 4
1.4 Niercorpus ................................................................................................................................. 4
1.5 Histologie nefron ....................................................................................................................... 6
1.6 Urine productie ......................................................................................................................... 6
1.7 Regulatie urineproductie ........................................................................................................... 9
2. Urineweginfecties.......................................................................................................................... 10
2.1 Infectieroutes .............................................................................................................................. 11
2.2 Precisponerende factoren ........................................................................................................... 11
2.3 Begrippen rondom urineweginfecties ......................................................................................... 11
2.3 Pyelonephritis (nierbekkenontsteking) ....................................................................................... 12
2.4 Infecterende micro-organismen urineweginfecties .................................................................... 12
2.5 Praktijk opdracht kennis .............................................................................................................. 13
Week 2: Virologie .................................................................................................................................. 17
3. Wat zijn virussen?...................................................................................................................... 17
3.1 Virus structuur ................................................................................................................... 19
3.2 Morfologie van een complex virus .................................................................................... 21
3.3 Taxonomie van virussen .................................................................................................... 21
4. Virus replicate............................................................................................................................ 22
4.1 Identificatie van virussen......................................................................................................... 23
4.2 viral multiplication ................................................................................................................... 24
4.3 Gevolgen van multiplicatie van Bateriofagen ......................................................................... 25
4.4 Multiplicatie van ‘Dierlijke’ virussen ....................................................................................... 27
4.5 Baltimore Classification ........................................................................................................... 33
5. Ongocene virussen, viroiden en prionen .................................................................................. 34
5.1 Latente en Persistente virus infectie ....................................................................................... 34
5.2 Prionen .................................................................................................................................... 35
, 5.3 Plant virussen en Viroids ................................................................................................... 36
Week 3................................................................................................................................................... 36
6. Vaccins en Immuuntechnieken ................................................................................................. 37
6.1 Vaccinatie .......................................................................................................................... 37
6.2 productie van vaccins ....................................................................................................... 38
6.3 Diagnostiek; Hoe weet je of iemand geïnfecteerd is of gevacineerd? .............................. 39
6.3.4 Precipiteren en agglutinatie .......................................................................................... 41
7. Pathogeniteit ............................................................................................................................. 49
7.1 Infectie routes ................................................................................................................... 49
7.2 Toxinen mbt infectie.......................................................................................................... 53
7.3 Pathogene eienschappen van virussen ............................................................................. 56
7.4 samenvatting Pathogeniteit .............................................................................................. 57
Week 4................................................................................................................................................... 58
8. Aangeboren afweer ................................................................................................................... 58
8.1 Aangeboren en vervormen immuniteit ............................................................................. 59
8.2 De essentie van aangeboren afweer ................................................................................. 60
8.5 Fagocyten .......................................................................................................................... 63
8.6 Ontstekingen ..................................................................................................................... 65
8.7 koorts................................................................................................................................. 67
8.8 Antimicrobiële stoffen ....................................................................................................... 67
8.9 Complement Systeem einden ........................................................................................... 69
8.10 Interferon .......................................................................................................................... 70
9. Vervormen afweer .................................................................................................................... 70
9.1 Eigenschappen vervormen afweer .................................................................................... 72
9.2 T en B cellen ...................................................................................................................... 73
9.3 Humorale immuun respons ............................................................................................... 74
9.4 Cel-gemedieerde imuunrespons ....................................................................................... 78
9.5 Antigeen presenterende cellen (APC’s)............................................................................. 79
9.6 Cytokinen ........................................................................................................................... 81
9.7 Macrofagen ....................................................................................................................... 81
9.10 Natural Killer cel (NK cel) ................................................................................................... 82
10. Samenvatting......................................................................................................................... 83
,Week 1: Het Urinewegsysteem en urineweginfecties
Leerdoelen:
1. De anatomie en fysiologie van de nieren kunnen beschrijven inclusief het proces van
urineproductie en de functie van ADH.
2. Uit kunnen leggen hoe de diagnostiek van urineweginfecties (cystitis en pyelonefritis) in zijn
werk gaat, inclusief kenmerken van de pathogenen die dit veroorzaken en welke
omstandigheden bij de patiënt en de bacterie hieraan kunnen bijdragen.
1. Het urinewegsysteem
We hebben te maken met twee verschillende soorten urinewegen.
- Hoge urinewegen: nieren, nierbekken en ureters (urineleiders)
- Lage urinewegen: blaas urethra (plasbuis)
1.1 De functies van de nieren
1. Excretie van (afval)stoffen
2. Regulatie bloedvolume en bloeddruk
3. Regulatie van concentratie opgeloste stoffen in bloed
4. Regulatie van extracellulaire vloeistof pH
5. Regulatie rode bloedcel synthese via EPO
6. Vitamine D synthese
1.2 Anatomie van de nier
Cortex = schors
Pelvis = bekken
De slagader (artery) brengt zuurstofrijkbloed naar de nier. De
ader (vein) voeren zuurstofarmbloed af.
In de ureter wordt het urine verzameld en gaat richting de
blaas.
In de medulla zitten de uitlopers van de nefronen.
, 1.3 Nefronen
Ruim 10^6 nefronen per nier (1,3 miljoen)
Je ziet de buitenste laag. Daar zitten met name de functionele delen van de nieren in. En in de
medulla, de uitlopers van de verzamelbuizen voor de urine die uiteindelijk naar de blaas gaan.
1.4 Niercorpus
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