Verdieping In Onderzoeksmethoden En Statistiek VOS
Institution
Universiteit Utrecht (UU)
Grote, overzichtelijke samenvatting van alle hoorcolleges, VO's en weekopdrachten. Alle info voor de eindtoets van VOS over Multipele Regressie, Meerweg ANOVA, ANCOVA, Herhaalde Metingen en Mixed Design, Moderatie en Mediatie & Factoranalyse en Betrouwbaarheidsanalyse.
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Verdieping In Onderzoeksmethoden En Statistiek VOS
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Multipele regressie.................................................................................................................................4
Regressie.....................................................................................................................................4
Doel regressie.............................................................................................................................4
Multipele regressie.....................................................................................................................4
Hoofdvraag multipele regressie..................................................................................................4
Doelen regressieanalyse.............................................................................................................4
Padmodel....................................................................................................................................4
Meetniveaus van laag naar hoog................................................................................................5
Voorwaarden causaltieit.............................................................................................................5
Dichotome en dummyvariabelen...............................................................................................5
Regressievergelijkingen..............................................................................................................5
Interpretatie regressievergelijking..............................................................................................6
Kleinste kwadraten criterium.....................................................................................................6
Goodness-of-fit (R²)....................................................................................................................7
Wat doet R²................................................................................................................................7
R² uitrekenen..............................................................................................................................7
Interpretatie R en R²...................................................................................................................7
Toetsen/ significantie en effectgrootte/ kwantificeren..............................................................8
Alternatieve hypothesen............................................................................................................8
Toetsen van R² (het hele model).................................................................................................8
Toetsen van B’s (afzonderlijke predictoren toetsen)..................................................................9
Wanneer B en wanneer bèta?....................................................................................................9
Voorbeeld B en Beta...................................................................................................................9
Delta.........................................................................................................................................10
Hypothese delta........................................................................................................................10
Toetsen delta............................................................................................................................10
Voorbeeld toetsen delta...........................................................................................................10
Weekopdrachten......................................................................................................................10
Meerweg ANOVA.................................................................................................................................10
Meerweg ANOVA......................................................................................................................10
Padmodel..................................................................................................................................10
Verschil met eenweg ANOVA....................................................................................................11
Doelen meerweg ANOVA..........................................................................................................11
Kenmerken ANOVA...................................................................................................................11
, Aannames.................................................................................................................................11
Nulhypothesen.........................................................................................................................12
Beschrijvende statistieken........................................................................................................12
Effectgrootte R² en eta²............................................................................................................12
ANOVA tabel.............................................................................................................................12
F-ratio.......................................................................................................................................13
APA...........................................................................................................................................14
Dummyvariabelen....................................................................................................................14
Regressievergelijking tweeweg ANOVA met dummyvariabelen...............................................15
Weekopdrachten......................................................................................................................15
ANCOVA................................................................................................................................................17
ANCOVA....................................................................................................................................17
Padmodel..................................................................................................................................17
Doel ANCOVA...........................................................................................................................17
Voorwaarden ANCOVA.............................................................................................................17
Aannames.................................................................................................................................18
Beschrijvende statistieken steekproef......................................................................................18
Toetsen met ANOVA situatie....................................................................................................19
Hypothesen..............................................................................................................................19
Significantie toetsen.................................................................................................................19
Significantie kwantificeren........................................................................................................19
Toetsen met ANCOVA...............................................................................................................19
Hypothesen..............................................................................................................................19
Effectgrootte.............................................................................................................................19
ANCOVA als regressiemodel.....................................................................................................20
Regressievergelijking:...............................................................................................................20
Schending aanname homogeniteit bij regressie.......................................................................20
Weekopdrachten......................................................................................................................20
ZET............................................................................................................................................22
Herhaalde metingen en mixed design..................................................................................................23
Herhaalde meting.....................................................................................................................23
Padmodel herhaalde meting.....................................................................................................23
Padmodel mixed design............................................................................................................23
Doelen......................................................................................................................................23
Between subjects factor...........................................................................................................23
Within subjects factor:..............................................................................................................23
, HM met twee meetmomenten.................................................................................................23
HM met meer dan twee meetmomenten.................................................................................24
Voorwaarden bij HM met meer dan twee meetmomenten.....................................................24
Sfericiteit..................................................................................................................................24
Sfericiteit geschonden..............................................................................................................24
Totale spreiding........................................................................................................................25
Kwadratensom van de spreiding tussen personen...................................................................25
Kwadratensom van de spreiding binnen personen (HM).........................................................25
Kwadratensommen uitgesplitst................................................................................................26
Mixed designs...........................................................................................................................26
Hypothesen..............................................................................................................................27
Aflezen output..........................................................................................................................27
Weekopdrachten......................................................................................................................27
ZET............................................................................................................................................29
Moderatie en mediatie.........................................................................................................................30
Moderatie en mediatie.............................................................................................................30
Moderatie.................................................................................................................................31
Onafhankelijke variabelen: categorisch x categorisch..............................................................31
Onafhankelijke variabelen: categorisch x interval....................................................................31
Onafhankelijke variabelen: interval x interval..........................................................................32
Mediatie...................................................................................................................................32
Baron and Kennis......................................................................................................................33
Stap 1: model X en Y.................................................................................................................33
Stap 2: model X en M................................................................................................................33
Stap 3: model M en Y................................................................................................................33
Weekopdrachten......................................................................................................................35
Factor analyse.......................................................................................................................................38
Soorten validiteit......................................................................................................................38
Stappen factoranalyse..............................................................................................................39
Doelen factoranalyse................................................................................................................39
Stap 0: data verzamelen en screenen.......................................................................................39
Stap 1: keuze factormodel........................................................................................................39
Stap 2: bepalen aantal factoren................................................................................................40
Verklaarde variantie door de factoren (eigenwaarde)..............................................................41
Stap 2.1.....................................................................................................................................41
Stap 2.2.....................................................................................................................................41
, Stap 3: interpreteren factoren..................................................................................................42
Stap 4: kwaliteit factoroplossing beoordelen...........................................................................43
Betrouwbaarheidsanalyse....................................................................................................................43
Betrouwbaarheid......................................................................................................................43
Meetmodel voor testscore.......................................................................................................43
Cronbach’s Alpha......................................................................................................................44
Weekopdrachten factor en betrouwbaarheidsanalyse............................................................45
VO kwanti 1..........................................................................................................................................48
VO kwanti 2..........................................................................................................................................49
VO kwanti 3..........................................................................................................................................51
Multipele regressie
Regressie
gaat over het beschrijven van de lineaire relaties tussen X en Y. Dit kan ook bij enkelvoudige
regressie, waarbij y-scores worden voorspeld met behulp van één onafhankelijke variabele. De
formule is dan: Y= B0+B1X1. Als B1 nul is krijg je een horizontale lijn
Doel regressie
de spreiding van scores verklaren. Een maat hiervan is de standaard deviatie/ afwijking (= hoe ver
staan alle scores af van het gemiddelde, de afwijkingen van elke observatie van het gemiddelde)
Multipele regressie
een regressiemodel waarin meerdere variabelen worden meegenomen. Variabelen heten hier
predictoren. Predictoren moeten voor een multipele regressie geoperationaliseerd worden.
Hoofdvraag multipele regressie
Kunnen we iemands waarde op een kenmerk voorspellen met kennis over andere kenmerken?
Doelen regressieanalyse
• Toetsen van hypothesen over relaties (significantie)
• Kwantificeren van relaties (effectgrootte)
• Kwalificeren van relaties (effectgrootte geduid: klein, middelmatig, groot)
• Beoordelen relevantie relaties (subjectief)
• Voorspellen van iemands waarde met behulp van het regressiemodel (puntschatting of
intervalschatting)
Padmodel
• Y= afhankelijke variabele (minimaal interval niveau)
• X = een of meerdere onafhankelijke variabelen (minimaal interval niveau)
• (Kan ook dichotoom zijn (categorisch) maar dat komt later aan bod)
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