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Nette samenvatting VVG1 partim prof. Houf - 1e bachelor diergeneeskunde UAntwerpen
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Dit is een overzichtelijke samenvatting van Veterinaire Volksgezondheid 1, het onderdeel van professor Houf.
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Schooljaar 2017-2018VETERINAIRE
VOLKSGEZONDHEID
– PROF. HOUF
, 9
4
Inhoudsopgave
H1 – Wat is veterinaire volksgezondheid?.............................................4
Inleiding............................................................................................................... 5
Direct of indirect contact met dieren is gevaarlijk............................................5
Gezelschapsdieren.............................................................................................. 5
Voedselproducerende dieren............................................................................... 6
Organisatie en evolutie van de opleiding in de veterinaire volksgezondheid. . .7
Evolutie veterinaire volksgezondheid..................................................................8
Fase 1 (georganiseerde) strijd tegen dierziekten.............................................8
Fase 2 : vleeskeuring: België afgelijnde wetgeving vanaf 1952.......................9
Ante-mortem keuring of de levende keuring.............................................................9
Post-mortem keuring.................................................................................................9
Geïndustrialiseerde veehouderij.....................................................................10
Emerging food phathogens............................................................................. 12
evolutie veterinaire volksgezondheid................................................................12
Fase 3: gezondheidswetenschap.............................................................................12
Waarom veterinaire volksgezondheid...............................................................13
Fraude vs voedselveiligheid............................................................................13
Authenticiteit........................................................................................................... 13
Financieel................................................................................................................ 14
Voedselveiligheid.................................................................................................... 14
Onderschatting van het aantal voedsel-gerelateerde uitbraken.....................15
Voor wie veterinaire volksgezondheid...............................................................16
Yopi-concept TWIO.......................................................................................... 16
bron van infectie is niet altijd initiële bron van
besmetting:“kruiscontaminatie” en “traceerbaarheid”..................................16
welke gevaren in de veterinaire volksgezondheid februari...............................16
Bacteriën........................................................................................................ 17
Wat is de bevoegdheid van de dierenarts.........................................................18
Matrices.......................................................................................................... 18
Activiteiten..................................................................................................... 19
H2 – Dierenwelzijn in de transformatiefase.........................................19
Algemeen kader................................................................................................ 19
Aandachtpunten............................................................................................. 19
Logistiek.................................................................................................................. 19
Vleeskwaliteit.......................................................................................................... 19
Ethiek...................................................................................................................... 20
Religie.................................................................................................................. 20
Korte samenvatting................................................................................................. 20
Het dierenwelzijn tijdens het slachten...............................................................21
Wetgevende kader.......................................................................................... 23
Verdrag van amsterdam................................................................................. 23
De verordening 2009 en richtlijn 1993 op dierenwelzijn.................................23
Artikel 1................................................................................................................... 23
Artikel 6.......................................................................................................... 24
1
, 9
4
Artikel 7.......................................................................................................... 25
„fixeren”: (verordening).................................................................................. 27
Verordening „bedwelmen”:............................................................................ 27
Kader van de voordracht................................................................................ 30
Verordening 1099/2009.................................................................................. 30
Definitie doden............................................................................................... 30
Wetenschappelijke basis van bewustzijn en pijngevoel.....................................33
Verdrag van Amsterdam................................................................................. 33
Definitie doden............................................................................................... 34
Bloedverlies.................................................................................................... 34
Verbloedingstijd.............................................................................................. 35
Borst-steek vs keelsnede................................................................................ 36
Vertebrale shunt............................................................................................. 37
Wat is nu precies de gewaarwording bij onbedwelmd kelen?.........................38
Eerste argument...................................................................................................... 38
Voor bedwelming................................................................................................. 38
Tegen bedwelming............................................................................................... 39
Tweede argument................................................................................................... 39
Derde argument...................................................................................................... 40
Voor bedwelmen.................................................................................................. 40
Tegen bedwelmen................................................................................................ 41
Conclusie................................................................................................................. 41
Video............................................................................................................... 41
Hoe meten volgens verordening 1099/2009......................................................42
Methode voor het bedwelmen van dieren.........................................................42
Standaardmethode......................................................................................... 42
Soorten bedwelmingsmethode.......................................................................44
Mechanische bedwelming.......................................................................................44
Penetrerend pentoestel of vuurwapen of niet-penetrerend pentoestel................45
Occipitaal schieten............................................................................................... 46
Penetrerende kopslag.......................................................................................... 47
Niet-penetrerende kopslag...................................................................................47
Voor elke theorie bestaat een uitzondering..........................................................48
Percuterende kopslag........................................................................................... 48
Niet-penetrerende kopslag...................................................................................48
Elektrische bedwelming........................................................................................... 49
Kritische parameters............................................................................................ 50
Herkauwers.......................................................................................................... 50
Varkens................................................................................................................ 51
Pluimvee.............................................................................................................. 51
Voordelen en nadelen van elektrische bedwelming.............................................52
Hoe kijk je na of de kip dood is?...........................................................................53
Stress-gevoelige dieren........................................................................................53
Gasbedwelming....................................................................................................... 54
H3 – Monitoring van bedwelming.......................................................55
Monitoring bewusteloosheid en gevoelloosheid : verordening 1099/2009........55
Artikel 5: controles op bedwelming................................................................56
Artikel 16: monitoringsprocedures in slachthuizen.........................................57
2
, 9
4
Gouden standaard monitoring bewusteloosheid en gevoelloosheid:..............58
EEG.......................................................................................................................... 58
Indicatoren in de praktijk................................................................................ 58
Hersenstamreflexen................................................................................................ 58
Spinale reflexen....................................................................................................... 59
Conclusie........................................................................................................ 59
Conclusie................................................................................................................. 60
H4 – Slachtproces rund......................................................................60
Slachtproces-rund overzicht.............................................................................. 61
Afladen.............................................................................................................. 62
Diergeneeskundige inspectie............................................................................ 62
Ante-mortem keuring...................................................................................... 63
Identificatie............................................................................................................. 63
Gezondheidsonderzoek........................................................................................... 64
Wachtruimte...................................................................................................... 64
bedwelmen........................................................................................................ 65
ophangen.......................................................................................................... 65
keelsnede-verbloeden vs borststeek-verbloeden..............................................65
Verbloeden........................................................................................................ 66
Factoren met invloed op de uitbloeding.........................................................66
Positie van het dier.................................................................................................. 66
afzetten van de poten....................................................................................... 66
onthuiden.......................................................................................................... 67
afzetten van de kop........................................................................................... 68
klieven van het sternum openen buik en evisceratie........................................68
organen voor post-mortem keuring...................................................................69
klieven karkas.................................................................................................... 69
post-mortem keuring......................................................................................... 69
Karkas bevinding............................................................................................ 70
onderscheid stier-os-koe................................................................................. 71
orgaan bevindingen........................................................................................ 71
koeling............................................................................................................... 72
Hygiëne............................................................................................................. 72
H5 - slachtproces varken...................................................................73
Inleiding............................................................................................................. 73
Overzicht........................................................................................................... 75
Transport en aankomst aan het slachthuis........................................................75
Wachtruimte...................................................................................................... 75
Ante-mortem keuring........................................................................................ 76
Opdrijven........................................................................................................... 76
Bedwelming....................................................................................................... 76
Steken/kelen...................................................................................................... 77
Verbloeden........................................................................................................ 77
Broeien.............................................................................................................. 77
Ontharen........................................................................................................... 78
Branden............................................................................................................. 79
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