Summary
Summary Nutrition and Cancer (HNH-37806)
- Course
- Institution
summary lectures of nutrition and cancer
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
joellest
Content preview
Hallmarks of cancerSustaining proliferative signalling
- Chronic proliferation growth factors
- Increased synthesis of growth factors by tumour cells
- Increased synthesis of growth factors by neighbouring cells
- Increased receptors at cell surface
- Structural alterations receptors increases response
- Activation downstream pathway
- Vb: epidermal growth factor(EGF)
Evading growth suppressors
- Escape stop signal
- Proliferation suppressors- tumour suppressor genes
- Proliferation senescence, apoptosis
- Vb: retinoblastoma-associated protein
Resisting cell death
- Inhibited apoptosis and autophagy
- Increased necrosis release of cell content, proinflammatory signals
- Vb: tumour protein 53= damage sensor, due mutation damaged DNA is not seen
Enabling replicative immortality- unlimited replication
- Immortilization
- Extending telomeres
- Alive
- Telomerase high
Inducing angiogenesis
- cells need nutrients and oxygen
- angiogenesis: new blood vessels
- support neoplastic growth
- early stage event
- target for therapy
- vb: vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)
- hypoxia and oncogenic stimuli
- VEGF increased
- Allow metastasis
Activating invasion and metastasis
- Spread of cancer cells via blood or lymphatic vessels
- Distant organs
- Multistep process
- Each tumour own preferences and latency time
- Prostate bone
- Breast lung, liver, brain
- Melanoma lung, liver, brain
, - Colorectal liver, lung
- Lung brain, bone, adrenal gland and liver
- Invasion-metastasis cascade
Primary tumor formation
Local invasion
Intravasation
Survival in circulation
Arrest at distant organ site
Extravasation
Micrometastasis formation
Metastatic colonization
Clinically detectable macroscopic metastases
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
- Epithelial cells mesenchymal cells
- Adherence, motility, migration, invasion
- Reverse process of EMT=MET
- Mesenchymal cells lose orientated so they can easier become lose, get into the bloodstream
and are transported to another part of the body(EMT)
- MET: the cells become strictly oriented again, so they can form a structure(tumour) on the
distinct location
Genome instability and mutation(enabling)
- Alterations on the genomes
- Oncogenes are mutated genes whose presence can stimulate the development of cancer,
one mutation leads to accelerated cell division
- Tumour suppressor genes are normal genes whose absence can lead to cancer, one mutation
means susceptible carrier, two mutations leads to cancer stop signal does not work
- Passenger mutation
Mutation has no effect on neoplastic process
Number of mutations correlates with age(during normal growth)
Predominantly in self-renewing tissues(fast proliferating)
- Drivers mutation
Mutation conferring a selective growth advantage for the cell
Tumour-promoting inflammation(enabling)
- Infiltration of immune cells
- Supplying bioactive molecules to microenvironment
- Tumour inhibition as well a tumour promotion
Deregulating cellular energetics(emerging)
- Metabolic reprogramming for energy requirements
Avoiding immune destruction(ermerging)
- Escape immune surveillance
- T lymphocytes and NK cells
- Mechanisms are emerging
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller joellest. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $4.27. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67474 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now