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BIOLOGY: DNA/GENETICS NOTES
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EASY, SIMPLE TO UNDERSTAND TOPICS: DNA AMINO ACIDS PROTEINS
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Base triplet code: coding + Noncoding DNA, and many genes contain info for protein prodEnzymes + structural proteins
DNA has ghe instructions that make and control body
Each of instructions is a gne
A gene is made of nitrogen bases.
Bases are read in 3s, call triplets, instructions for building proteins.
Each triplet codes for specific amino acid,
Many AAs are bonded proteins.
There four bases, only 3 for triplet
There are 20 AAs but 64 triplets
Some AAs are coded for twice(2x)
Cell metabolism:
Enzymes determine chemical reactions that take place in a cell.
Regulatory/communication:
They attach to receptor molecules on membrane of target cell. They activate a seconday messenge
to diffuse through the cell and activate specific enzymes.
Contractile/movement:
Change shape by shortening/contracting.
Immunoloical:
Proteins that help protect the body against foregin substances and invading pathogens e.g.
antibodies, interleukins.
Recog:
Proteins in the cell(MHC antigens) are unique. Resulting in ht eimmnune system not attackign the
body’s own cells.
Structural:
Proteins form a strcutual framework of variuous parts of body.
Keratin is found in skin, hair, nails.
Collagen is found in bone, cartilage and the deep layers of the skin (strength + flexibility)
Fibrin is involved in clotting.
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