Geschiedenis van het politieke denken (1005391BER)
Summary
Volledige samenvatting, Geschiedenis van het Politieke Denken, VUB
109 views 11 purchases
Course
Geschiedenis van het politieke denken (1005391BER)
Institution
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
In deze samenvatting werden alle lessen van professor Eline Severs samengevat. Twee hoofdstukken werden gegeven door gastproffen en kennen dan ook een andere structuur dan de hoofdstukken van professor Severs. Het gaat om de hoofdstukken omtrent het socialisme en het ecologisme. Met deze samenvatti...
Geschiedenis van het politieke denken (1005391BER)
All documents for this subject (1)
Seller
Follow
MargauxCallens
Content preview
2021
Geschiedenis van het
politieke denken
PROF. DR. ELINE SEVERS
SEMESTER 1
0
,Inhoudsopgave
1 Inleiding: ideologieën en ideeën ............................................................................................................. 4
1.1 Het belang van ideeën/ideologie in politiek ......................................................................................... 4
1.2 Wat is ideologie? .................................................................................................................................. 7
1.3 Wat doen ideologieën? ........................................................................................................................ 9
1.4 Typologie van de ideologieën ............................................................................................................. 11
2 Klassiek liberalisme ............................................................................................................................... 14
2.1 Wat is liberalisme ............................................................................................................................... 14
2.2 Liberalisme en vrijheid ....................................................................................................................... 15
2.3 Hoe organiseren liberalen vrijheid ..................................................................................................... 18
Democratie (rule of law, liberale democratie): John Locke .......................................................... 18
De civiele maatschappij (vrijheid van mening): John Stuart Mill .................................................. 20
De vrije markt – Adam Smith ........................................................................................................ 24
3 Modern Liberalisme .............................................................................................................................. 28
3.1 Context ............................................................................................................................................... 28
Modern Liberalisme ...................................................................................................................... 28
Neoklassiek Liberalisme ................................................................................................................ 30
3.2 Klassiek vs. Modern Liberalisme ......................................................................................................... 31
Isaiah Berlin: Twee verchillende concepties van “vrijheid” .......................................................... 31
3.3 John Rawls – A Theory of Justice (1971)............................................................................................. 33
Rechtvaardigheid als fairness ........................................................................................................ 34
Rawl’s visie op rechtvaardigheid ................................................................................................... 34
Rawl’s principes van rechtvaardigheid .......................................................................................... 36
3.4 Robert Nozick – Anarchy, State and Utopia (1972) ............................................................................ 39
Nozick’s visie op rechtvaardigheid ................................................................................................ 40
Kernwaarden volgens Nozick ........................................................................................................ 40
3.5 Slot ..................................................................................................................................................... 42
4 Conservatisme ...................................................................................................................................... 43
4.1 Wat is conservatisme? ....................................................................................................................... 43
Reflections on the revolution in France (Burke) ........................................................................... 43
Conservatisme: een houding of een ideologie? ............................................................................ 44
4.2 Kernwaarden van het conservatisme ................................................................................................. 44
Menselijke onvolmaaktheid .......................................................................................................... 44
Traditie .......................................................................................................................................... 45
Organisch samenlevingsconcept (visie op de MS) ........................................................................ 47
Pragmatische politieke aansturing ................................................................................................ 48
Hiërarchie en autoriteit ................................................................................................................. 49
Eigendom (en “verworteling”) ...................................................................................................... 50
4.3 Vormen van conservatisme ................................................................................................................ 51
Autoritair, reactionair conservatisme (counter-Enlightment) ...................................................... 51
Paternalistisch conservatisme ....................................................................................................... 51
Libertair conservatisme (1970’s) ................................................................................................... 54
4.4 Besluit................................................................................................................................................. 57
1
,5 Socialisme ............................................................................................................................................. 58
5.1 Introductie en geschiedenis................................................................................................................ 58
5.2 Kerwaarden van het socialisme ......................................................................................................... 58
Gemeenschap centraal.................................................................................................................. 58
Samenwerking ............................................................................................................................... 59
Gelijkheid....................................................................................................................................... 59
Klassenpolitiek............................................................................................................................... 60
Gemeenschappelijk bezit .............................................................................................................. 61
5.3 Vormen van socialisme ...................................................................................................................... 62
Utopisch/ethisch socialisme .......................................................................................................... 62
Wetenschappelijke socialisme (marxisme) ................................................................................... 63
5.4 Grondslag van het marxisme ............................................................................................................. 64
Historisch/dialectisch materialisme .............................................................................................. 64
Teleologische geschiedenisopvatting ............................................................................................ 64
5.5 Abreidswaardetheorie en marwistische analyse van het kapitalisme ............................................... 65
6 Anarchisme ........................................................................................................................................... 68
6.1 Wat is anarchisme.............................................................................................................................. 68
6.2 Kernwaarden van het anarchisme ..................................................................................................... 69
Wat hebben anarchisten tegen autoriteit? ................................................................................... 70
Wat is het anarchistisch alternatief? ............................................................................................. 71
Anti-autoriteit................................................................................................................................ 72
Anti-staat ....................................................................................................................................... 73
Utopisch denken - natuurlijke orde............................................................................................... 76
6.3 Vormen van anarchisme .................................................................................................................... 77
Collectivistisch anarchisme ........................................................................................................... 78
Individualistisch anarchisme ......................................................................................................... 80
6.4 Kritieken en hedendaagse relvantie ................................................................................................... 81
6.5 Slot ..................................................................................................................................................... 84
9 Ecologisme (gastcollege) ..................................................................................................................... 124
9.1 Introductie: wat is ecologisme/ecologie?......................................................................................... 124
9.2 Ecologisme: een korte geschiedenis van eco-politiek denken (Heywood)........................................ 126
Oorsprong en ontwikkeling: van biologie tot politiek ................................................................. 126
De kernthema’s van ecologisme ................................................................................................. 128
9.3 Een nieuw ecologisch landschap: nieuwe ideologieën? ................................................................... 133
De structurele ecologische tegenstrijdigheid van het kapitalisme; een unieke structurele
combinatie ................................................................................................................................................. 136
De geschiedenis van de ecologische tegenstrijdigheid van het kapitalisme ............................... 139
Politiek niveau: voor een nieuwe eco-politiek ............................................................................ 141
10 Multiculturalisme ................................................................................................................................ 143
10.1 Inleiding............................................................................................................................................ 143
10.2 Kernthema’s ..................................................................................................................................... 145
Identiteit en cultuur................................................................................................................ 145
Politiek van erkenning ............................................................................................................ 146
Post-kolonialisme (post WO II) ............................................................................................... 150
Minderheidsrechten ............................................................................................................... 155
Diversiteit ............................................................................................................................... 157
10.3 Kritieken ........................................................................................................................................... 160
Susan Moller Okin: is Multiculturalisme bad for women? ..................................................... 161
Patrick Loobuyck en François Levrau: Ondergraaft multiculturalisme de solidariteit en
stabiliteit in onze maatschappij? ............................................................................................................... 163
10.4 Slot ................................................................................................................................................... 165
11 Religieus fundamentalisme ................................................................................................................. 166
11.1 Inleiding............................................................................................................................................ 166
11.2 Kerntema’s ....................................................................................................................................... 167
Religie is politiek ..................................................................................................................... 167
Fundamentele waarheden ..................................................................................................... 169
Anti-moderniteit ..................................................................................................................... 169
Militantisme ........................................................................................................................... 171
11.3 ‘Clash of Civilisations’ vs ‘Orientalisme’ ........................................................................................... 171
Huntington: clash of civilisation ............................................................................................. 172
Edward W. Said....................................................................................................................... 175
11.4 Slot ................................................................................................................................................... 185
3
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller MargauxCallens. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.12. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
