Law and Ethics of Reproductive Technologies (R_LERT)
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LERT - All Themes: Lecture & Literature Summary (8,9)
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Law and Ethics of Reproductive Technologies (R_LERT)
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)
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In this file, I summarized all the Themes. This includes Literature article summaries, Case Law summaries, and Lecture Notes summaries. If you have any questions, please reach out to me!
the welfare of the child in medically assisted reproduction
the meaning of human rights for the governance of reproductive technologies
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Law and Ethics of Reproductive Technologies (R_LERT)
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Law and Ethics of Reproductive Technologies
All Themes: Lecture + Literature Summary
,Table of Contents
Law and Ethics of Reproductive Technologies .................................................................................................. 1
All Themes: Lecture + Literature Summary ................................................................................................... 1
Theme 1 - Lecture & Literature Summary .................................................................................................... 3
Designer Baby’s/introduction........................................................................................................................ 3
II. From mapping the human genome to editing the human germline..................................................... 4
II.1 Redesigning the human genome ......................................................................................................... 4
II.2 Safety and desirability ......................................................................................................................... 4
Clinical application..................................................................................................................................... 5
Medical ethics regime ............................................................................................................................... 5
II.4 Rule-making on breeding..................................................................................................................... 5
Woodham: Down’s Syndrome - NIPT in the bud? ..................................................................................... 6
Pandora’s Baby - How Prenatal Testing could Predict Your Child ............................................................. 7
Cell-free fetal DNA testing ......................................................................................................................... 7
How should reproductive technologies be regulated in a liberal democracy? ......................................... 7
Theme 2 - Lecture & Literature Summary .................................................................................................... 8
The welfare of the child in medically assisted reproduction ........................................................................ 8
Central question: ....................................................................................................................................... 8
Part I: assessment of the risks associated with the would-be parent(s) ................................................... 8
Part II: assessment of the risks of assisted reproductive technologies ..................................................... 9
Theme 3 - Lecture & Literature Summary .................................................................................................. 10
The meaning of human rights for the governance of reproductive technologies ...................................... 10
Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) ............................................................................................... 10
What are the limits to designer baby technologies?............................................................................... 11
2 Types of Human dignity (Defines what makes us human): .................................................................. 12
How to read case law of the ECTHR ........................................................................................................ 12
Theme 4 - Lecture & Literature Summary .................................................................................................. 14
What do we owe to our future child? ......................................................................................................... 14
How can you decide if a life of suffering is worse than not having a life? Suffering is objective, not living
is definite -1
case example 15
Would there be a difference if this was about human germline editing? .............................................. 15
Theme 5 - Lecture & Literature Summary .................................................................................................. 17
Sperm banks and IVF procedures ................................................................................................................ 17
Spear points: ............................................................................................................................................ 17
Watch the video for full understanding: ................................................................................................. 17
Theme 6 - Lecture & Literature Summary .................................................................................................. 18
Legal and ethical status of embryo’s ........................................................................................................... 18
In Vitro Embryo’s ..................................................................................................................................... 18
The frozen embryo dispute ..................................................................................................................... 18
, 1. It is an ethically sensitive matter ............................................................................................................. 19
Is there a moral difference between: using embryos from that are left over from fertility treatments
and creating embryos for research purpose? ......................................................................................... 19
Article 8.................................................................................................................................................... 19
Article 2.................................................................................................................................................... 19
Theme 7 - Lecture & Literature Summary .................................................................................................. 20
Traditional surrogacy ................................................................................................................................... 20
Reasons for a recent boom in surrogacy: ................................................................................................ 20
Human dignity in surrogacy ..................................................................................................................... 20
There are different views on this in different countries: ........................................................................ 20
REPRODUCTIVE TOURISM ....................................................................................................................... 21
WHY IS IT HARD TO EFFECTIVELY REGULATE REPRODUCTIVE TOURISM? .............................................. 21
Why Europe is giving into baby markets ................................................................................................. 21
1) Extraterritoriality (can national laws be applied abroad?) ..................................................................... 21
2) The failure of human rights ..................................................................................................................... 21
RISE OF PRAGMATIC TOLERANCE: FROM SOFT DRUGS TO BABY MARKETS ........................................... 23
Different trends arise: ............................................................................................................................. 23
The Netherlands and the UK ................................................................................................................... 23
Legal issues: differences in law................................................................................................................ 23
Potential solutions: .................................................................................................................................. 23
Margin of appreciation ............................................................................................................................ 24
Theme 1 - Lecture & Literature Summary
Designer Baby’s/introduction
IT fuses bio- and cognitive technology NBIC-convergence
NBIC-convergence implies an increased interaction between life and physical sciences.
Two bioengineering megatrends:
1. biology becomes technology
• controlling bodies and brains like machines
o e.g., human germline editing
2. technology becomes biology
• introducing life-like features (self-repair, cognition, learning) into technology
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