Covering the basics through advanced operation of spark-ignition and diesel engines.
Written by one of the most recognized and highly regarded names in internal combustion engines this trusted educational resource and professional reference covers the key physical and chemical processes that gov...
residu: ca. 15% : Residuele brandstof bevat hoge
concentraties schadelijke producten (bv S = 5%)
Samenstelling:
mengsel koolwaterstoffen met zeer verschillende
structuren en verschillende moleculaire gewichten.
Afhankelijk van de ruwe aardolie (land van herkomst),
raffinageschema en mengingen.
brandstoffen slide 1.
,1. 2. Producten van het raffinageproces
- gas : propaan (lassen, snijbranden)
butaan (huishoudelijk gebruik)
LPG (mengsel propaan en butaan)
- basisproducten voor petrochemie : (naphta, …)
- benzine (is een mengsel met ca 200 ≠ KWS)
- oplosmiddelen : (white spirit)
- kerosine : voor gasturbines en straalmotoren
- lamppetroleum
- gasoil (of mazout)
- smeeroliën : zware distillaten en residu’s uit straight run
torens → naar speciale smeerolieraffinaderij
- paraffinen : (kaarsvet, …)
- diesel fuels : (zware) brandstoffen voor grote diesels
- stookoliën : ( ″ ) ″ ″ ″ ketels
- asfalt en teer : zwaarste residu’s (wegbedekking)
brandstoffen slide 2.
, 1.3. Karakteristieken vloeibare brandstoffen
a) Voertuigbenzine
kooktraject : 30 °C → 200 °C
loodvrije benzine : zie tabel 1
Eigenschappen Eenheid Benzine
Dichtheid [kg/m3] 730 - 780
Ontstekingsgrenzen in lucht [Vol-%] 1- 7.6
Minimale ontstekingsenergie [mJ] 0.24
Zelfontstekingtemperatuur [°C] > 350
Laminaire vlamsnelheid bij λ =1 [m/s] 0.4 - 0.8
3
Dichtheid van stoichiometrisch [kg/m ] 1.42
mengsel ρG
Stoichiometrische luchtbehoefte LS [-] 14.7
Onderste verbrandingswaarde HU [MJ/kg] 43.5
Tabel 1: Eigenschappen van benzine
brandstoffen slide 3.
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