Psychofarmaca zijn medicijnen die aangrijpen op het centrale zenuwstelsel en werkzaam
zijn tegen psychische aandoeningen. Angst dempende middelen bijvoorbeeld bij
angststoornis.
De indeling van psychofarmaca:
● Anxiolytica
● Hypnotica en sedativa
● Antidepressiva
● Antipsychotica
● Stemmingsstabilisatoren
● Psychostimulantia
Neurotransmitters:
● Stimulerend
○ Activeert de zenuwcel
■ Acetylcholine
● Voor geheugen en denkprocessen, nodig voor parasympatisch
zenuwstelsel
■ Dopamine
● Belangrijk voor het concentreren, extra peramidale ...
● Inhiberend (remmend)
○ Remt de activiteit, maakt de zenuwcel minder prikkelbaar
■ GABA
● Spierspanning wordt lager
■ Serotonine
● Je voelt je prettig, hebt minder honger en bent tevreden
Slaap- en
kalmeringsmiddelen (1)
● Hypnotica → snel en kortwerkende benzodiazepinen
○ Normison (Temazepam)
, ○ Stilnoct (Zolpidem)
○ Imovane (Zopiclon)
○ Temesta (Lorazepam)
○ Dormicum (Midazolam)
Benzodiazepinen:
● Werking
○ GABA re-uptake remmen
● Bijwerkingen
○ Sufheid
○ Afvlakking van emoties
○ Spiertonus
NB
○ Gewenning
○ Lipofiel → cumulatie bij ouderen
■ Lossen op in vetweefsel
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