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Edexcel IGCSE (9-1) Physics Textbook

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This is a PDF file for the Edexcel IGCSE (9-1) Physics Textbook. It contains the notes and revision questions for the Physics syllabus topics and many questions for you to revise for your IGCSE exams

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  • February 10, 2022
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  • 2020/2021
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EDEXCEL INTERNATIONAL GCSE (9-1)




Brian Arnold
Penny Johnson
Steve Woolley

, CONTENTS ii l
Published by Pearson Education Limited, 80 Strand, London, WC2R ORL. Picture C redits
The publisher would like to thank the following for their kind pennission to
www.pearsong1obaJschools.com reproduce their photographs:

COpies of official specifications for all Edexcel qualifications may be found (Key: b-bottom; c-centre; Meh; Night; t-top)
on the website: https://qualifications.pearson.com
123RF.com: choneschones 63cr, cristimatei 26211, Feliks Gurevich 80bl,
COURSE STRUCTURE iv
Text C Pearson Education Limited 2017 homestudio 73, leungchopan 58, Melinda Nagy 18tc;
Edited by Jane Read Alamy Stock Photo: age fotostock 28tr, 230, Ageev Rostislav 142, Alison
Designed by Cobalt id
Typeset by TechSet Ltd
Eckett 2 10. Ange 243cr, Archive Pies 233bl, Art Directors & TRIP 259, Ashley
Cooper 163bl, Authentic Creations 120!1, Charles Stir1ing / Alamy Stock Photo
ABOUT THIS BOOK vi
Original illustrations O Pearson Education Limited 2017 18tl, Chris Cooper-Smith 2311, Chris Rose 110tr, Cultura Creative (RF) 212,
Illustrated by C TechSet Ltd Design Pies Inc 173tr, Digital Image Library 155cl, Dinodia Photos 4811, DOE
Cover design by Pearson Educahon Limited
Cover photo/illustration O ATELIER BR0CKNER GMBH: Michael J ungbtut
Photo 164, Emmanuel Lacoste 176cl, epa european pressphoto agency b.v.
87, Flake 6011, trans temmens 144cr. Fred Olivier /Nature Picture Libfary 148,
ASSESSMENT OVERVIEW viii
GL Archive 233br, Granger Historical Picture Archive 34, Henry Westheim
The rights of Brian Arnold, Penny Johnson and Steve Woolley to be identified
as authors of this w()l'1( have been asserted by them in accordance with the
Photography 13311, Horizon International Images limited 143,261, Image
Source 75, lmagineThat 111cl, INTERFOTO 177, Jeff Rotman 173tc, John UNIT 1: FORCES AND MOTION 2
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Joannides 139. Linda Richards 221r, Andrew M ichael 97tr, Michefe Burgess
3tr, NASA 265, NASA / $.Dupuis 44, NASA Atchive 37tr, The Natural History
First published 2017 M useum 181tr, N ick Greening 311, paul ridsdale pictures 197, Peterz pies
158. Phanie 128br. philipus 82, Pictorial Press Ltd 150, 160. 187,220. pixel UNIT 2: ELECTRICITY 58
20191817 shepherd 63tl, PjrStudio 110br, Pulsar Images 24811, Radoslav Radev 120cl,
10987654321 Richard Wainscoat 262br, Robert Estal1 photo agency 16211, samart boonyang

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Dat a
206, sciencephotos 79cr, 80, 103cl, Scott Ramsey 1Str, Sean Pavone 133tr,
Studioshots 63b, Trevor Chriss 59, Alvin Wong 21411. B11aA1,,o,u1p ranKJ.1H 9 tc;
UNIT 3: WAVES 96
A catalogue record for this book is avaitabfe from the British Library Fotolla.com: annavaczi 144cl, artush 32. iz2.zy71 144bl. ktsdesign 106,
schankz 176cr, Szasz-Fabian Jozset 91r, troninphoto 23bl;
ISBN 978 0 435 18527 5 Getty Images: Aleksandrs Podskocijs / EyeEm 140, Car1os Herrera / Icon
Sportswire/ Corbis 133tc, Eco Images 165, Graiki 36, mevans 21bt, Michael
UNIT 4: ENERGY RESOURCES AND ENERGY TRANSFER 132
Copyright notice Steele 279, michalzB6 / iStock 271tr, Peter Turnley 2811, ROBERT SULLIVAN
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by
any means (including photocopying or storing ii in any medium by electronic means
and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication)
/ AFP 110cl, Science & Soctety Picture Library 155bl, 163cl, Scott Eells/
Bloomberg 113bl, ViewStock 2111, YinYang 2211;
M aritime & Coastguard Agency: 109cr.
UNIT 5: SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES 172
without the written pefmission of the copyright owner, except in accordance w ith Pearson Education Ltd: Studio 8 71, Gareth Boden 7911, Coleman Yuen.
the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms
of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby
Street, London EC1 N 8TS (www.cla.co.uk). Applications for the copyright owner's
Pearson Education Asia Ltd 60bl, Jules Selm es 68, 144br, Tsz-shan Kwok 61;
Science Photo Library Ltd: Andrew Lambert Photography 12tr, 25, 188, CNRI
241, David Parker 153br. Dor1ing Kinderstey / UIG 141, ESA - A. Le Floc'h 3711,
UNIT 6: MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM 196
written permission should be addressed to the publisher. DR P. MARAZZI 242tr. Martyn F. Chillmaid 103tr, CORDELIA MOLLOY 2011, 70tl.

Printed by Neogralia in Slovakia
70tr, PATRICK LANDMANN 248tr, A. MEGNA/ FUNDAMENTAL PHOTOS 67,
Sputnik 159tc, TONY & DAPHNE HALLAS 153cl, TRL ltd. 45, WMAP SCIENCE UNIT 7: RADIOACTIVITY AND PARTICLES 220
TEAM, NASA 273;
Endorsem ent Statement Shutterst ock.com: 805084 132, 111cr, Vartanov Anato ly 11011, bik8fidertondon
In order to ensure that this resource offers high-quality support f0< the associated
Pearson qualification, it has been through a review process by the awarding body.
109bl, Sylvie Bouchard 90, Brian Kinney 155tr, Cardens Design 258, Norman
Chan 72, CreativeNature.nl 16311, devy 911, Oja65 89, 271bl, emel82 162cl.
UNIT 8: ASTROPHYSICS 258
This process confirms that this resource fully covers the teaching and learning EptCStockMedia 96. Martin Fischer 84. Galushko Sefgey 128cl, imagedb.com
content of the specification or part of a specification at which it is aimed. It also 62, Joanne Harris and Daniel Bubnich 121, karrapavan 196, M idoSemsem
confirms that it demonstrates an appropriate balance between the development
of subject skills, knowledge and understanding, in addition to preparation tor
120c:r, MIGUEL GAAClA SAAVEDRA 60br, Minerva Studio 179, morchella 123,
NADA GIRL 91, Nicholas Sutcliffe 126, Noraluca013 159tl, Pavel L Photo and
APPENDICES
assessment. Video 113tr, portumeo 163cr, Przemys1aw Skibinski 115, punksid 267, ra3m

Endorsement does not cover any guidance on assessment activities or processes
(e.g. practice questions or advice on how to answer assessment questions).
204, ronstik 236, Sander van Sinttruye 26611, Santi Rodriguez 12811, Olga
Setyutina 97br, SFC 102, Smileus 100, Stanislav nplyashin 161, STUOIOMAX
145, tcly48tr, nago Ladeira 147, topseller 17311, valdis torms 40, Valeriy
APPENDIX A: PERIODIC TABLE 2n
included in the resource nor does tt: prescribe any particular approach to the Lebedev 266bl, Villiers Steyn 128tr, Volodymyr Goinyk 172, vovan 159tr,
teaching or delivery of a refated course. Voyagerix 20bl. Wolfgang Kloehr 266tr, Yanlev 511;
TWI Ltd. Cambridge: 243bl APPENDIX B: FORMULAE AND RELATIONSHIPS 278
While the publishers have made every attempt to ensure that advice on the
qualification and its assessment is accurate. the official specification and Cover images: Front: ATELIER BR0CKNEA GMBH: Michael Jungbfut
associated assessment guidance materials are the only authoritative source
of information and should always be referred to tor definitive guidance. All other images C Pearson Education
APPENDIX C: PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND UNITS 279
Pearson examiners have not contributed to any sections in this resource relevant to Disclaimer. ne ither Pearson , Edexce l nor the authors take responsibility
examination pape<s f0< which they have responsibility. for the safety of any ac tivity. Before doing any practical activity you are
legally required to carry out your own risk assessment. tn particular, any
APPENDIX D: EXPERIMENTAL AND INVESTIGATIVE SKILLS 280
Examiners w ill not use endorsed resources as a source of material for any local rules issued by your employer must be obeyed, regardless of what is
assessment set by Pearson. Endorsement of a resource does not mean that the
reS<Xnce is required to achieve this Pearson qualification, nor does it mean that it
is the only suitable material availabfe to support the qualifica1ion, and any resource
recommended in this resource. Where students are required lo write their own
risk assessments they must always be checked by the teacher and revised, as
necessary, 10 cove< any issues the students may have overlooked. The teacher
APPENDIX E: COMMAND WORDS 284
lists produced by the awarding body shall include this and other appropriate should always have the final control as t o how the practical is conducted.
resources.
GLOSSARY 285
INDEX 289

, COURSE STRUCTURE COURSE STRUCTURE



UNIT 1 UNIT 5
FORCES AND MOTION SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES
1 MOVEMENT AND POSITION 03 18 DENSITY AND PRESSURE 173
2 FORCES AND SHAPE 18 19 SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES 181
3 FORCES AND MOVEMENT 28
4 MOMENTUM
1;11111+1,wm 40 UNIT 6
5 THE TURNING EFFECT OF FORCES 48 MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM
lwll111H•lllrl 20 MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM 197
21 ELECTRIC MOTORS AND ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION 206
UNIT2
ELE TRll.;ITY UNIT 7
MAINS ELECTRICITY 59 RADIOACTIVITY AND PARTICLES
CURRENT AND VOLTAGE IN CIRCUITS 67 22 ATOMS AND RADIOACTIVITY 221
ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE 75 23 RADIATION AND HALF-LIFE 233
9 ELECTRIC CHARGE 84 24 APPLICATIONS OF RADIOACTIVITY 241
INNlfi'Wrl 25 FISSION AND FUSION 250


UNIT 3 UNIT 8
WAVES ASTROPHYSICS
10 PROPERTIES OF WAVES 97
26 MOTION IN THE UNIVERSE 259
11 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM 106
27 STELLAR EVOLUTION 265
12 LIGHT WAVES 113
28 COSMOLOGY 271
13 SOUND 123 lwh1Mfi'i!lrl
UNIT 4
ENERGY RESOURCES AND ENERGY TRANSFER
14 ENERGY TRANSFERS 133
15 THERMAL ENERGY 139
16 WORK AND POWER 150
17 ENERGY RESOURCES AND ELECTRICITY GENERATION 158
lwli111H•lllrl

, ABOUT THIS BOOK . ABOUT THIS BOOK vii i

ABOUT THIS BOOK Key Point boxes
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This book is written for students following the Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) Physics specification and International A Level.
the Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) Science Double Award specification. You will need to study all of
the content in this book for your Physics examination. However, you will only need to study some of it if
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you are developing. You can find Pearson's Progression scale and Edexcel's Skills grid at in your examination.
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