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Samenvatting Natuurwetenschappen

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"Vervolg Samenvatting" - Lesonderdeel HT3 erfelijke informatie en celding - Deel 3: De celcyclus en celding

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  • February 11, 2022
  • 4
  • 2019/2020
  • Summary
  • Secondary school
  • 3e graad
  • 5
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Meeste organismen bevatten even # chromosomen (=diploïd: 2n) & 2 aan 2 gelijk.
Homologe chromosomen => bij elkaar horende chromosomen (oogkleur-oogkleur)
Lichaamscel heeft n homologe chromosomenparen
Homoloog paar bevat 1 chromosoom: vader & 1 chromosoom: moeder
2 Chromosomen: homologe paren bevatten DEZELFDE genen
Haploïd cellen => vorming : geslachtscellen waarbij # chromosomen gehalveerd wordt, bevatten 1
chromosoom: elk homoloog paar
Uiterlijk homoloog chromosomenparen >< heterosomen/geslachtschromosomen
Vrouwen XX-chromosomen, Mannen XY-chromosomen
Mens = 22 autosomen + 1 geslachtschromosomen




3.3.: Mitose
Nut: - Groei & ontwikkeling: na bevruchting begint lange periode celdelingen
- In stand houden v/h organisme:
- Herstel v. beschadigde weefsels:
- Ongeslachtelijke voortplanting → bacteriën, eencelligen
Fasen MITOSE:
1. Interfase: Verdubbeling: chromosomen # tijdens celcyclus (“fase”)
2. Profase: → Kern (2n) neemt centrale plaats i/d cel, chromatinedraden worden
chromosomen.
→ Centriolen gaan naar polen v/d kern & daaruit vormen spoeldraden/trekdraden
door microtubuli.

→ Celkern wordt gebroken & verdwijnt.
3. Metafase: Chromosomen komen o/h evenaarsvlak liggen.
4. Anafase: Zusterchromatiden, worden uit elkaar gehaald.
5. Telofase: → Celkern is gemaakt door chromatinedraden (Heterochromatine)
→ Celwand begint aan insnoering
6. Cytokinese: → Ontstaan: 2 dochtercellen (identiek + oorspronkelijk moedercel) (=diploïd)
→ Chromatinevezels ontstaan i.p.v. chromosomen
→ 2 cellen gaan splitsen

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