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History of knowledge last minute learning document, MKDA
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)
Media, Kunst, Design En Architectuur
History Of Knowledge (L_AABAALG207)
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1
, COLLEGE VAN 1 FEBRUARI 2021
Programma:
1) General introduction
2) Course manual, examination
3) General introduction to the course: waarom History of knowledge
4) The library
a) pre-history
b) classical antiquity: the oral culture
c) classical antiquity: rhetoric, philosophy and the written culture
d) classical antiquity: library of Alexandria as an institution of knowledge
Wolverton and McNeely, Reinventing knowledge and articles and book chapters
online examination on Wednesday 24 March
Why History of knowledge?
General background of all our activities, University: academic knowledge
Humanities versus the sciences.
When did we start splitting up knowledge? (disciplines of toen er verschillende
faculteiten ontstonden)
Academia is contested: critical approaches of western, white, male knowledge
What is academic knowledge? Knowledge is indeed very limited in academics. Be
aware of that.
We focus too much on white and male knowledge. Did civilization start in Greece??
Nope :)
Rethink what knowledge is.
What is knowledge? alternative facts, what is scientific knowledge? Challenge, fast
way to spread fake news.
The practical use of the Humanities? Does knowledge have to be practical?
Focus on Knowledge and how Knowledge is passed on.
The development of human Knowledge.
2
,To define knowledge = het bepalen/ definiëren van kennis/ wat is kennis? Wat is
waar en wat is niet waar?
To create knowledge = het creëren van kennis/ nieuwe kennis
To pass on knowledge = het overdragen van kennis / bijvoorbeeld door lessen en
werkgroepen
To consume knowledge = het consumeren/ het met bezig zijn met kennis
To validate knowledge = het bevestigen en geldig verklaren en bekrachtigen van
kennis
The history of knowledge is an important part of history, but knowledge is also very
influential on the development of art, literature, the media and architecture
Dus er kan kennis worden gevonden in kunst, bijvoorbeeld in afbeeldingen over de
melkweg of in horloges. De afbeeldingen of foto’s van de melkweg worden als kunst
verkocht.
Tijdwerk was een belangrijk onderdeel van kennis en die klok boekjes (book of
hours) waarin de tijd werd aangegeven, kunnen als kunstwerken worden gezien.
Bovendien, een horloge met allemaal afbeeldingen erin is ook kunst
Kennis kan ook worden terug gezien worden in films, bijvoorbeeld over dino’s in de
films van Steven Spielberg, maar media en met name foto’s waren ook heel erg
belangrijk om kennis aantoonbaar te maken, bijvoorbeeld het laten zien van
bacteriën in plaats van een kunstwerk.
Media werd gebruikt in het verspreiden van kennis
Kennis heeft invloed op de architectuur, want toen men tijd kon berekenen, werden
er speciale klok torens gebouwd.
Vasari haalde het menselijk lichaam uit elkaar om het te onderzoeken en zo
creëerde hij nieuwe wijsheid en bewees hij dingen van het menselijk lichaam en die
dingen die hij vond en onderzocht, ondersteunde hij met tekeningen die dus als
kunstwerken beschouwd kunnen worden.
Net als bij Rembrandt en Goltzius,
Knowledge is represented in art.
Maar ook in literatuur was er kennis terug te vinden. Bijvoorbeeld de theorie van
Freud. Zijn ideeën werden bijna meteen in Leesboeken uitgewerkt.
3
, The Library
You need an order to have a library. The library is one of the oldest knowledge
institutions that we have.
The decision of the authors to start the book in Classical Antiquity/ the Hellenistic
culture.
But they were not the first that invented the library, there was a pre-history.
The oldest libraries can be found in the cultures of the Sumerians: Ze woonden in
delen van Mesopotamië.
4000-3000 before Christ.
Development of an irrigation system, they create their own food, so the origin of
agriculture.
This agriculture made it possible to live in cities, urbanization. When you have cities
you have professional trading and bureaucracy and you need knowledge and a
script to organize everything.
Revolution: They were the very first to develop a script 3200 before christ, note and
record knowledge. Clay tables
Oldest written sources that we have.
First practical use, contacts. Later Law and Literature. The Sumerians already wrote
about love, friendship and death. They developed a school system and written
culture. School System as a knowledge institution.
In Nineveh, there were Libraries. A lot of Tables, more than 1000 000 clay tablets.
Nineveh Library of king Ashurbanipal, in the 7 century Before Christ, a lot of clay
tablets all over the world, no order anymore.
Ebla Syria Archive/ writing shop, 2300 v Chr. With an order, organized chronological
with documents and manuscripts
The library is as old as the written culture and it did not start in Greece (The
Classical library), but there was a pre-history
The Classical Library followed an older culture.
4
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