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Chamberlain College of Nursing: NR507 Week 8 Final Exam Study Guide (Latest-2022) / NR 507 Week 8 Final Exam Study Guide / NR507 Final Exam Study Guide: Advanced Pathophysiology | Complete and Latest Guide |
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NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology
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Chamberlain College Of Nursing
Chamberlain College of Nursing: NR507 Final Exam Study Guide (Latest-2022) / NR 507 Final Exam Study Guide / NR507 Week 8 Final Exam Study Guide: Advanced Pathophysiology | Complete and Latest Guide |
Chamberlain College of Nursing: NR507 Week 8 Final Exam Study Guide (Latest-2022) / NR 507 Week 8...
chamberlain college of nursing nr507 final exam study guide latest 2022 nr 507 final exam study guide nr507 week 8 final exam study guide advanced pathophysiology | complete and latest guide |
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NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology
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NR507 Final Exam Study Guide
Reproductive:
Endometrial cycle and the occurrence of ovulation (pg. 736-739) - there are 2 cycles- the
follicular/proliferative phase (postmenstrual) followed by the luteal/secretory phase
(premenstrual). The follicular phase of the ovarian cycle begins w the beginning of menstrual
cycle and end w the maturation of the follicle, it’s the shortest phase of the ovarian cycle.
During ovulation, both progesterone and estrogen drop sharply. Follicular phase= Follicle-
stimulating hormone (FSH) and after ovulation during the luteal phase= release of Luteinizing
hormone from the Pituitary gland. LH and FSH peak during the release of the ovum from the
mature follicle.
uterine prolapse- p. 771 is decent of the cervix or entire uterus into the vaginal canal. In severe
cases the uterus falls completely through the vagina and protrudes from the introitus. Risk
factors for pelvic organ prolapse include: Menopause, age, hypoestrogenism, obesity, pelvic
floor trauma, hysterectomy, pregnancy, chronic coughing, some genetic disorders Degrees of
Uterine prolapse include grade 1: minimal and rarely requires corrections grade 2: prolapse has
moderate symptoms and grade 3: prolapse is severe. Can use a pessary device
polycystic ovarian syndrome- p. 764-766 Most common cause of anovulation and ovulatory
dysfunction. Need 2 of the following for dx: irregular ovulation, elevated levels of androgens
(testosterone) and appearance of polycystic ovaries on imaging. Associated with metabolic
dysfunction dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and obesity. Leading cause to infertility for women.
First line of tx: oral contraceptives. Need to decrease weight for PCOS women wanting
pregnancy
testicular cancer and conditions that increase riskp. 844-845
symptoms that require evaluation for breast cancer- table 25.17 p. 823
signs of premenstrual dysphoricdisorder- p. 766 pattern of symptom frequency and severity is
more important than specific complaints. Emotional sx like depression, anger, irritability, and
fatigue are most prominent and distressing w physical sx less prevalent and problematic.
Physical sx include breast tenderness, abd bloating, HA and swelling of extremities
dysfunctional uterine bleeding- Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is a common disorder of
excessive uterine bleeding affecting premenopausal women that is not due to pregnancy or any
recognizable uterine or systemic diseases. The underlying pathophysiology is believed to be
due to ovarian hormonal dysfunction.
Pathophysiology of prostate cancer- p. 854
Prostate cancer begins when some cells in your prostate become abnormal. Mutations in the
abnormal cells' DNA cause the cells to grow and divide more rapidly than normal cells do. The
abnormal cells continue living, when other cells would die. The accumulating abnormal cells
form a tumor that can grow to invade nearby tissue (MayoClinic.com). Causes include:
genetics, environmental and dietary factors, inflammation, alterations in levels of hormones
(testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol and growth factors).
HPV andthe development of cervical cancer- p. 778 and on quizlet-viruses express their genes
in 2 phases- early and late, the hpv early genes E6 and E7 are associated with cancer, HPV DNA
integrates into the cellular genome when causing cancer. Cervical dysplasia stages: LSIL (Low-
, grade) CIN1 and grade 2-3 is HSIL (High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) No screening till
21. No HPV co-testing till 30 as long as PAP is normal.
Endocrine:
Body’s process for adapting to high hormone levels- p.645-647 Hormone release is regulated
by one or more of the following mechanisms: Chemical factors (blood glucose or calcium
levels); Endocrine factors (a hormone from one endocrine gland controlling another endocrine
gland); and Neural control.
Chemical regulation: insulin is secreted following and increase in plasma glucose levels. Cortisol
from the adrenal cortex is an endocrine factor that regulates and stimulates insulin secretion
from the beta cells within the pancreas. And Neural control occurs when the autonomic
nervous system directly stimulates the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas. Negative and
Positive feedback systems keep cellular level balanced. Water soluble hormones and lipid-
soluble steroids pass differently across the plasma membrane. For intracellular receptors fat-
soluble hormones can pass freely however water-soluble hormones need messengers (first and
second messengers)
Downregulation and upregulation with different number of hormone receptor sites for the
target cell
Low hormone level= increase the hormone receptor sites= positive feedback. High hormone
level= decreases the hormone receptor site for the target cell= negative feedback
Cushing’s Syndrome (Hypercortisolism)-p. 699-701 and fig. 22.22 p. 702 Clinical
manifestations from chronic exposure to excess endogenous cortisol and is more common in
women. Overproduction of pituitary ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) or by a pituitary
adenoma (most common and can occur at any age) or by an ectopic secreting nonpituitary
tumor such as a small-cell carcinoma of the lung (common in adults). Common symptoms:
weight gain (esp in the trunk) glucose intolerance because of cortisol-induced insulin resistance
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