Brandverzekeringen
Inhoud
Hoofdstuk 1 Wettelijke Basis...............................................................................................................1
1 De wet van 4 april 2014 betreffende de verzekeringen ................................................................1
1.1 Algemeen ............................................................................................................................1
1.2 Brandverzekering als zaakverzekering..................................................................................2
1.3 Brandverzekering als aansprakelijkheidsverzekering ............................................................3
1.3.1 De Contractuele Aansprakelijkheid ..............................................................................3
1.3.2 De buitencontractuele aansprakelijkheid .....................................................................4
2 KB Uitvoering van 24 december 1992 ..........................................................................................5
3 KB Brand van 24 december 1992 .................................................................................................5
4 KB Risicozones van 28 februari 2007 ...........................................................................................5
5 De wet van 1 april 2007: de verzekering tegen schade veroorzaakt door terrorisme ....................5
6 De wet van 30 juli 1979: de verplichte verzekering bij brand en ontploffing = Objectieve
aansprakelijkheidsverzekering ............................................................................................................5
7 Wet van 13 november 2011 betreffende de vergoeding van schade ingevolge een technologisch
ongeval ...............................................................................................................................................5
Hoofdstuk 2 Het leven van de brandpolis eenvoudige risico’s: van de afsluiting tot de opzeg ..............6
1 Het afsluiten van een brandverzekering ......................................................................................6
1.1 De verzekeringsnemer .........................................................................................................6
1.1.1 Verzekeringsnemer is eigenaar-bewoner .....................................................................6
1.1.2 Verzekeringsnemer is eigenaar-verhuurder..................................................................6
1.1.3 Verzekeringsnemer is huurder .....................................................................................6
1.2 De informatieplichtfiches van de verzekeringstussenpersoon ..............................................7
1.3 Het verzekeringsvoorstel en de schattingsroosters ..............................................................8
1.4 De algemene voorwaarden ..................................................................................................8
1.4.1 Omschrijving van de waarborgen .................................................................................9
1.4.2 Opzet, uitsluitingen van dekking en verval van recht ....................................................9
1.4.3 Uitsluiting van dekking .................................................................................................9
1.4.4 Verval van recht ...........................................................................................................9
1.4.5 Problemen van kwalificatie ........................................................................................ 10
1.4.6 Bewijslast................................................................................................................... 10
1.4.7 Tegenstelbaarheid ..................................................................................................... 10
1.5 Bijzondere voorwaarden.................................................................................................... 11
1.6 Het hypothecaire bijvoegsel .............................................................................................. 11
, 1.7 Een kwijting ....................................................................................................................... 11
2 De rol van de tussenpersoon ..................................................................................................... 11
2.1 Premie............................................................................................................................... 11
2.1.1 Basisdekkingen, dekkingsuitbreidingen, bijdekkingen en facultatieve dekkingen ........ 12
2.1.2 Diefstalverzekering .................................................................................................... 12
2.1.3 Bijpremies en premieverminderingen ........................................................................ 13
2.2 Administratieve verwerking ............................................................................................... 13
2.3 Borderel van commissie..................................................................................................... 13
2.4 Het schadegeval ................................................................................................................ 13
2.5 Wijziging van verzekeringstussenpersoon .......................................................................... 13
3 Het einde van de brandpolis ...................................................................................................... 14
3.1 Een polis opzeggen ............................................................................................................ 14
3.1.1 Opzegbrief ................................................................................................................. 14
3.1.2 Opzegging na schadegeval ......................................................................................... 14
3.1.3 Opzegging na overlijden van de Verzekeringsnemer................................................... 15
3.1.4 Faillissement en gerechtelijk akkoord......................................................................... 15
3.1.5 Opzegging na wijziging van het tarief of de voorwaarden ........................................... 15
3.2 Wijziging van het risico ...................................................................................................... 15
3.3 Schrapping van een waarborg ............................................................................................ 16
HOOFSTUK 3: De Brandpolis ............................................................................................................. 16
1 Toepassingsgebied .................................................................................................................... 16
1.1 De betrokken partijen ........................................................................................................ 16
1.1.1 De verzekeraar........................................................................................................... 16
1.1.2 De verzekeringnemer ................................................................................................. 16
1.1.3 De verzekerde............................................................................................................ 18
1.1.4 Derden....................................................................................................................... 19
1.2 Verzekerde goederen ........................................................................................................ 19
1.2.1 Risico “gebouw”......................................................................................................... 19
1.2.2 Het risico “inhoud” .................................................................................................... 20
1.2.3 Het risico “aansprakelijkheid” .................................................................................... 20
2 De verzekerde gevaren.............................................................................................................. 22
2.1 Algemeen .......................................................................................................................... 22
2.2 Basiswaarborg brand en aanverwante gevaren .................................................................. 23
2.2.1 Brand ......................................................................................................................... 23
2.2.2 Ontploffing en implosie.............................................................................................. 24
2.2.3 Rechtstreekse blikseminslag ...................................................................................... 24
, 2.2.4 Rook en roet .............................................................................................................. 24
2.2.5 Aanraking .................................................................................................................. 24
2.2.6 Schade aan OG naar aanleiding van een diefstal of poging tot diefstal, vandalisme en
kwaad opzet.............................................................................................................................. 25
2.2.7 Inwerking van elektriciteit.......................................................................................... 25
2.2.8 Ontdooiing en ontvriezing .......................................................................................... 26
2.2.9 Basiswaarborg arbeidsconflicten en aanslagen........................................................... 26
2.2.10 Basiswaarborg storm ................................................................................................. 26
2.2.11 Basiswaarborg water en vloeibare brandstoffen ........................................................ 27
2.2.12 Basiswaarborg breken of barsten van glas.................................................................. 27
2.2.13 Basiswaarborg BA Gebouw ........................................................................................ 28
2.2.14 Basiswaarborg bedrijfsschade .................................................................................... 28
2.2.15 Basiswaarborg natuurrampen .................................................................................... 28
2.3 Dekkingsuitbreidingen ....................................................................................................... 29
2.4 Bijdekkingen ...................................................................................................................... 30
2.5 Facultatieve waarborgen ................................................................................................... 30
2.5.1 Diefstal ...................................................................................................................... 31
2.5.2 Onrechtstreekse verliezen ......................................................................................... 31
2.5.3 Voertuigen in rust ...................................................................................................... 31
2.5.4 Rechtsbijstand ........................................................................................................... 31
2.5.5 Andere facultatieve waarborgen ................................................................................ 32
3 De verzekerde bedragen ........................................................................................................... 32
3.1 Bepaling van de waarde van de verzekerde goederen........................................................ 32
3.2 De indexatie ...................................................................................................................... 32
3.3 Het verzekerde bedrag “gebouw” ...................................................................................... 32
3.4 Verzekerde bedrag “inhoud” ............................................................................................. 32
3.5 Het verzekerde bedrag “aansprakelijkheid” ....................................................................... 33
3.5.1 Het verzekerde bedrag “aansprakelijkheid van de huurder” ....................................... 33
3.5.2 Verzekerde bedrag “verhaal van de huurder” ............................................................ 33
3.5.3 Verzekerde bedrag “verhaal van derden”................................................................... 33
3.5.4 Verzekerde bedrag “BA Gebouw” .............................................................................. 34
3.5.5 Verzekerde bedrag “Andere” ..................................................................................... 34
4 Diverse bepalingen.................................................................................................................... 34
HOOFDSTUK 4: SCHADEREGELINGEN ................................................................................................ 34
1 Principes ................................................................................................................................... 34
1.1 BTW – taksen .................................................................................................................... 34
, 2 Schadebeheer ........................................................................................................................... 34
2.1 Samenloop ........................................................................................................................ 34
2.2 Indexatie ........................................................................................................................... 35
2.3 Waarde voor ..................................................................................................................... 35
2.4 Overdraagbaarheid............................................................................................................ 36
2.5 Begroting van de schade .................................................................................................... 36
2.6 Toepassing van de vrijstelling ............................................................................................ 37
2.7 Evenredigheid “bedragen”................................................................................................. 38
2.8 Toepassen van de vergoedingsgrenzen .............................................................................. 39
2.9 Evenredigheid “Tarief” ...................................................................................................... 39
2.10 Betaling ............................................................................................................................. 40
2.11 Subrogatie (indeplaatsstelling) of verhaal (regres) ............................................................. 40
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