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Samenvatting Sociale Instituties
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Sociale instituties1
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Basisbeginselen......................................................................................................................................7
Overheden..............................................................................................................................................8
1. Welzijn in de Verzorgingsstaat...........................................................................................................9
1.1. Begrip verzorgingsstaat/welvaartsstaat......................................................................................9
1.1.1. Betekenis..............................................................................................................................9
1.1.2. kenmerken van de welvaartsstaat........................................................................................9
1.1.3. De welvaartstaat is niet-staats en is verzuild......................................................................10
1.1.4. Korte historische schets......................................................................................................12
1.1.5. De actieve welvaartsstaat...................................................................................................14
1.1.6. Nieuwe sociale kwestie en de risicosamenleving...............................................................15
1.2. Welzijn, welzijnsbeleid, welzijnszorg, welzijnszorg-beleid.........................................................15
1.2.1. Betekenis............................................................................................................................15
1.2.2. Soorten sociale overheidsuitgaven: sectoren en categorieën............................................16
1.2.3. Beleidsniveaus en bevoegdheidsverdeling.........................................................................16
1.3. Uitdagingen !!!!!!!!!...................................................................................................................17
1.3.1. Preventie, echelonnering en zorgmilieus............................................................................17
1.3.2. Responsabilisering..............................................................................................................20
1.3.3. Toegankelijkheid en gelijke kansen.....................................................................................20
1.3.4. Professionalisering en vervrijwilliging.................................................................................20
1.3.5. Behoeftesturing en zorg op maat.......................................................................................21
1.3.6. Vermaatschappelijking van de zorg....................................................................................22
1.3.7. Vermarkting........................................................................................................................22
1.3.8. Kwaliteitszorg.....................................................................................................................23
1.3.9. Interculturalisering van de zorg..........................................................................................23
1.3.10. Wachtlijsten......................................................................................................................23
1.3.11. Betaalbaarheid..................................................................................................................23
2. Sociale zekerheid..........................................................................................................................24
2.1. Organisatie van de sociale zekerheid.........................................................................................24
2.1.1. Sociale verzekeringen.........................................................................................................25
2.1.2. Sociale bijdrage/bijstand....................................................................................................25
2.3.1. Schema’s.............................................................................................................................26
2.2. Principes van de sociale zekerheid............................................................................................29
2.2.1. Verzekeringsprincipe..........................................................................................................29
2.2.2. Solidariteitsprincipe............................................................................................................29
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, 2.2.3. Soorten solidariteit.............................................................................................................30
2.3. Types sociale zekerheid.............................................................................................................31
2.4. Vlaamse Sociale bescherming....................................................................................................31
2.5. Doeltreffendheid van de sociale zekerheid?..............................................................................32
2.5.1. Armoede en bestaansonzekerheid.....................................................................................32
2.5.2. Mattheüseffect...................................................................................................................32
3. Welzijnszorg.....................................................................................................................................33
3.1. Inleiding.....................................................................................................................................33
3.2. Integrale jeugdhulp....................................................................................................................34
3.2.1. Van hulp in verschillende sectoren naar Integrale Jeugdhulp (IJH).....................................34
3.2.2. Hoe ziet de integrale jeugdhulp eruit?................................................................................35
3.2.3. Bemiddeling zorgt voor continuïteit in de hulp...................................................................39
3.2.4. Voortgezette hulpverlening................................................................................................39
3.2.5. Welke soorten hulp kan een minderjarige krijgen?............................................................39
3.2.6. Flexibele hulpverlening.......................................................................................................41
3.2.7. Aandacht voor de rechten minderjarigen...........................................................................41
3.3. Openbare centra voor maatschappelijk welzijn (OCMW’s).......................................................41
3.3.1. Inleiding..............................................................................................................................41
3.3.2. OCMW als lokaal bestuur...................................................................................................41
3.3.3. OCMW als openbaar bestuur..............................................................................................41
3.3.4. Opdrachten van het OCMW...............................................................................................42
3.3.5. Actuele tendensen..............................................................................................................46
3.4. Algemeen welzijnswerk (AWW).................................................................................................46
3.4.1. Definitie en kenmerken......................................................................................................46
3.4.2. Werkingsprincipes..............................................................................................................47
3.4.3. Centra voor Algemeen Welzijnswerk (CAW’s)....................................................................48
3.4.5. Actuele tendensen..............................................................................................................49
3.5. De thuis-en ouderenzorg...........................................................................................................49
3.5.1. Inleiding..............................................................................................................................49
3.5.2. Thuiszorgvoorzieningen......................................................................................................49
3.5.3. Ouderenzorgvoorzieningen................................................................................................50
3.4.5. Expertisecentra voor dementie..........................................................................................51
3.4.6. Actuele tendensen..............................................................................................................51
3.6. Gezinsondersteuning.................................................................................................................52
3.6.1. Kind en Gezin (K&G)............................................................................................................52
3.6.2. Preventieve gezinsondersteuning.......................................................................................53
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, 3.6.3. Adoptie...............................................................................................................................54
3.6.4. Opvang................................................................................................................................54
3.6.5. Actuele Tendensen Gezinszorg...........................................................................................55
3.7. Ondersteuning van personen met een handicap.......................................................................56
3.7.1. Vlaams Agentschap voor Personen met een Handicap (VAPH)..........................................56
3.7.2. Dienst ondersteuningsplan (DOP).......................................................................................57
3.7.3. Rechtstreeks toegankelijke hulp.........................................................................................57
3.7.4. Niet-rechtstreeks toegankelijke hulp..................................................................................58
3.7.5. Individuele materiële bijstand (IMB)..................................................................................60
3.7.6. Persoonlijke-assistentiebudget (PAB) en persoonsvolgende financiering (PVF).................61
3.7.7. Andere: vrijetijdsbesteding.................................................................................................61
3.7.8. Ondersteuning door andere diensten dan VAPH................................................................62
3.7.9. Persoonsvolgende financiering (PVF): basisondersteuningsbudget (BOB) en
persoonsvolgend budget (PVB)....................................................................................................62
3.7.10. Actuele tendensen............................................................................................................63
3.8. Justitiehuizen en sociale diensten bij de politie.........................................................................64
3.8.1. Inleiding..............................................................................................................................64
3.8.2. Justitiehuizen......................................................................................................................64
3.8.3. Sociale diensten bij de lokale politie...................................................................................67
3.9. Samenlevingsopbouw................................................................................................................67
3.9.1. Opbouwwerk......................................................................................................................67
3.9.2. Buurtwerk...........................................................................................................................68
3.10. Etnisch- culturele minderheden..............................................................................................68
3.10.1. Inleiding............................................................................................................................68
3.10.2. Integratiebeleid................................................................................................................69
3.10.3. Inburgeringsbeleid............................................................................................................71
3.10.4. Asielprocedure..................................................................................................................72
3.10.5. Opvangsstructuren...........................................................................................................74
1.6.2. Traject en de opvang van niet-begeleide minderjarige vreemdelingen..............................75
3.10.6. Actuele tendensen............................................................................................................76
4. Gezondheidszorg..............................................................................................................................77
4.1. Inleiding.....................................................................................................................................77
4.1.1. Situering..............................................................................................................................77
4.1.2. Begrippen ‘gezondheid’ en ‘gezondheidszorg’...................................................................77
4.1.3. Organisatie van de gezondheidszorg..................................................................................78
4.2. Actoren bij het gezondheidsbeleid............................................................................................79
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