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Samenvatting Bijzondere Ortho
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Bijzondere orthopedagogiek 3B1
,Inhoud
Bijzondere orthopedagogiek 3B...................................................................................................................1
Inhoud..........................................................................................................................................................2
Hoofdstuk 1 kinderen en jongeren met gedrags-en emotionele problemen...............................................6
1. Wat is probleemgedrag............................................................................................................................6
1.1. Terminologie......................................................................................................................................6
1.2. Aandachtspunten bij het definiëren van gedrags-en emotionele problemen...................................7
2. Hoe kan je kijken naar gedragsproblemen?............................................................................................11
2.1. Sociaal-ecologische visie..................................................................................................................11
2.2. Het balansmodel van Bakker...........................................................................................................12
2.3. Enkele opmerkingen........................................................................................................................12
3. Hoe kan je omgaan met gedragsproblemen?.........................................................................................12
3.1. Reflectie op eigen gedrag van de opvoeder-begeleider!!!!.............................................................12
3.2. Preventie.........................................................................................................................................13
3.3. Concretiseren van gedrag................................................................................................................13
4. Classificatie van gedragsproblemen.......................................................................................................14
4.1. Klinisch-psychiatrische classificatiesystemen:.................................................................................15
4.1.1. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADHD.......................................................................15
4.1.2. Oppositioneel-opstandige stoornis (ODD)................................................................................18
4.1.3. Concuct disorder (CD)...............................................................................................................20
Hoofdstuk 2: Psychosociale problemen......................................................................................................21
1. Kindermishandeling................................................................................................................................21
1.1. Kindermishandeling.........................................................................................................................21
1.2. Verschillende normen van kindermishandeling...............................................................................22
1.3. Gevolgen van KMH..........................................................................................................................24
1.4. Verklaringen....................................................................................................................................25
1.4.1. Preventie KMH..........................................................................................................................27
2. Psychische problemen bij kinderen en jongeren....................................................................................28
2
, 2.1. Inleiding...........................................................................................................................................28
2.2. Oorzaken van psychische problemen..............................................................................................28
2.3. What’s in a name.............................................................................................................................29
2.3.1. Psychose...................................................................................................................................30
2.3.2. Verslaving.................................................................................................................................31
2.3.3. Angst en paniek........................................................................................................................31
2.3.4. Borderline.................................................................................................................................31
2.3.5. Depressie..................................................................................................................................31
2.3.6. Dwang.......................................................................................................................................32
2.3.7. Fobie.........................................................................................................................................32
2.3.8. Eetstoornis................................................................................................................................33
2.3.9. Aanvullingen.............................................................................................................................34
Hoofdstuk 3: Kinderen van ouders met een psychiatrische problematiek: KOPP.......................................34
3.1. Prevalentie.......................................................................................................................................34
3.2. Niet zonder gevolgen.......................................................................................................................34
3.3. Weerslag in verschillende ontwikkelingsfases.................................................................................34
Plan van aanpak (3.4-3.7.)......................................................................................................................35
3.4. Signaleren en vroegdetectie............................................................................................................35
3.5. Psycho-educatie...............................................................................................................................35
3.6. Inspelen op wankele gezinsrollen (3.6.)...........................................................................................35
3.7. Benutten van hulpbronnen..............................................................................................................36
Hoofdstuk 4: Armoede: een gekende realiteit?..........................................................................................37
1.1. De buitenkant: armoede is veel meer dan ‘geen geld hebben’.......................................................37
1.1.1. Banksaldo in het rood...............................................................................................................38
1.1.2. Een huis op instorten/slechte huisvestiging.............................................................................38
1.1.3. Geld over voor opvoeding?.......................................................................................................38
1.1.4. Arm maakt (vaker) ziek ….........................................................................................................38
1.1.5. Gezinnen in moeilijkheden/problemen....................................................................................38
3
, 1.1.6. Gelijke kansenonderwijs...........................................................................................................38
1.1.7. Moeten/kunnen/willen werken!?.............................................................................................39
1.1.8. Conclusie: armoede is meer dan ‘een laag inkomen’................................................................39
1.2. De verborgen binnenkant….............................................................................................................39
1.2.1. Uitsluiting..................................................................................................................................39
1.2.2. Niet verworven vaardigheden en kennis..................................................................................40
1.2.3. Laag zelfbeeld (zelfvertrouwen)...............................................................................................40
1.2.4. Schuldgevoelens.......................................................................................................................41
1.2.5. Schaamte..................................................................................................................................41
1.2.6. Verlamd door moedeloosheid..................................................................................................42
2. Oorzaken van armoede..........................................................................................................................43
2.1. Individueel model............................................................................................................................43
2.1.1. Het individueel schuldmodel....................................................................................................43
2.1.2. Het individueel ongevalmodel..................................................................................................43
2.2. Samenleving als oorzaak..................................................................................................................44
2.2.1. Maatschappelijk ongevalmodel................................................................................................44
2.2.2. Maatschappelijk schuldmodel (of structurele benadering)......................................................44
3. Krachten.................................................................................................................................................45
4. Uitdagingen voor hulpverleners, vrijwilligers en de man of vrouw in de straat (7)................................46
4.1. De kracht van mensen zien..............................................................................................................46
4.2. Hun verhaal beluisteren..................................................................................................................46
4.3. Niet veroordelen..............................................................................................................................47
4.4. Gedeelde verantwoordelijkheid......................................................................................................48
4.5. Iedereen is evenveel waard.............................................................................................................48
4.6. Een relatie aangaan.........................................................................................................................49
4.7. Bewaak je grenzen...........................................................................................................................49
Hoofdstuk IV: kinderen en jongeren in een verontrustende opvoedingssituatie of problematische
leefsituatie..................................................................................................................................................51
1. Kinderen en jongeren in problematische leefsituaties...........................................................................51
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