A nurse is preparing to administer famciclovir to a client with a herpes virus infection. The nurse should expect to administer this
drug by which route?
Oral
Famiciclovir is administered orally.
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is used to treat which of the following infectio...
a nurse is preparing to administer famciclovir to a client with a herpes virus infection the nurse should expect to administer this drug by which route oral famiciclovir is administered orally
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Ch 11 PrepU
A nurse is preparing to administer famciclovir to a client with a herpes virus infection. The nurse should expect to administer this
drug by which route?
Oral
Famiciclovir is administered orally.
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is used to treat which of the following infections? (Choose one)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
HAART is multidrug therapy that is used to treat HIV.
The use of a drug for a specific disorder or condition that is not officially approved by the FDA is known as which of the
following? (Choose one)
Unlabeled use
The use of a drug for a specific disorder or condition that is not officially approved by the FDA is known as unlabeled.
Which of the following blocks the protease enzyme so new viral particles cannot mature?
Protease inhibitors
Protease inhibitors block the protease enzyme so new viral particles cannot mature.
A primary healthcare provider has prescribed 6000 mg of Foscavir per day to be administered intravenously. In the pharmacy,
Foscavir is available in a 500 mL IV piggyback. The strength of the drug in the solution is 24 mg/mL. How many mL of the
solution should the nurse administer to the patient in a day?
250 mL
1 mL of solution contains 24 mg of the drug. Therefore, required amount is 250 mL (6000 mg/24 mg).
The primary healthcare provider has prescribed 400 mg of acyclovir, five doses per day. The drug is available in 200 mg tablets.
How many tablets should the nurse administer to the patient per dose?
2
Required dosage is 400 mg. Available drug is 200 mg. Number of tablets required is 2 (400 mg/200 mg) per dosage.
A 21-year-old woman diagnosed with HIV/AIDS 4 years ago now presents with cytomegalovirus (CMV). The nurse explains to
the woman that this infection is caused by a common organism that normally does not cause infection in someone who is not
what?
Immuocompromised
These antiviral agents are indicated for treatment of the DNA viruses herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and CMV. Research has
shown that they are very effective in immunocompromised individuals, such as patients with AIDS, those taking
immunosuppressants, and those with multiple infections. These infections do not attack just people with HIV or hepatitis B.
A 24-year-old client is treated with acyclovir for herpes. The client also has a history of epilepsy. What would indicate a serious
reaction to the drug?
The client is having tremors, which are more pronounced at rest.
IV acyclovir should be used with caution in ckients with renal disease and preexisting neurologic disorders, especially seizures.
Systemic acyclovir is excreted primarily by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. Therefore, renal toxicity may occur in
clients with renal disease. Clients with preexisting neurologic disorders have an increased risk of developing tremors and
myoclonus.
The nursing student is learning about the different ways diseases are produced and demonstrates an understanding when
identifying which of the following as the smallest infectious organism?
Virus
Compared with a fungus, parasite, and bacterium, the virus is a very small infectious organism.
The nursing student asks the instructor why it is more difficult to develop antiviral drugs than anti-infectives. The nursing
instructor's best reply would be which of the following?
Viruses are tiny and replicate inside cells, changing how cells work.
Antiviral medications are limited in their ability to treat viral infections because viruses are tiny and replicate inside cells,
changing how cells work, depending on the type of cell invaded. In comparison, a bacterial organism is relatively large and
commonly reproduces outside of cells. This makes antiviral drugs more difficult to develop.
, An elderly patient is admitted to the medical floor with pustules on her body that travel along the nerve route in her legs and
arms. The physician prescribes the drug acyclovir (Zovirax). What disease is this patient demonstrating?
Shingles
The patient has herpes zoster virus (shingles). CMV is a virus with symptoms that include malaise, fever, pneumonia, and
superinfection. Herpes simplex causes oral, ocular, or facial infections. The influenza virus is commonly called the "flu" and is an
acute respiratory illness.
A patient with AIDS is treated with several drugs that work at different portions of the life cycle of the virus. This multiple drug
therapy is called which of the following?
HAART
The multiple drug therapy used for AIDS is called HAART, which stands for highly active antiretroviral therapy. DOT stands for
directly observed therapy, used with tuberculosis (TB) patients. RICE stands for rest, ice, compression, and elevation, which is
used for injuries. RACE is used for fires and stands for rescue, alarm, contain, and extinguish.
The patient with HIV is experiencing nausea and vomiting related to antiviral medications. This patient has lost 20 pounds in the
last 2 months since starting the drug therapy regimen. What is the highest priority nursing diagnosis for this patient?
Risk for imbalanced nutrition less than body requirements
The metabolic needs of patients with HIV are demanding. Because the antiviral drugs may cause anorexia, nausea, or vomiting,
providing adequate nutrition becomes a real challenge. The other diagnoses may apply, but the one related specifically to
nutrition is the highest priority, because the patient has lost weight and is not eating.
The nursing instructor is giving memory aids to the students to help them to better remember the different drug classifications.
Which of the following syllables would the nurse instruct the students to look for when learning the antivirals?
-vir
The syllable -vir is related to the antivials such as acyclovir, cidofovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir, etc. The syllable -azole signifies
antifungals such as edorazole, fluconazole, miconazole, etc. The syllable -cillin signifies the classification of penicillins such as
amoxicillin, nafcillin, piperacillin, etc. The syllable -floxacin refers to the fluoroquinolone antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin,
levofloxacin, and ssparfloxacin.
Because some patients experience an acute exacerbation of disease when medications used to treat hepatitis B are stopped, which
of the following should the nurse monitor in these patients?
hepatic function
Some patients have experienced acute exacerbation of disease when medications used to treat hepatitis B are stopped. Hepatic
function should be closely monitored in these patients. The other values are not associated with this disease or the antivirals used
to treat the disease.
Your 45-year-old client is prescribed acyclovir for treatment of genital herpes. Which of the following is an expected outcome for
this client?
The client will experience fewer recurrences.
Acyclovir and other antiviral medications can be prescribed to reduce the lesions, pain, and itching associated with herpes
simplex infections. When administered as prophylaxis, treatment results in fewer recurrences. However, the drugs do not cure
infection or prevent its transmission.
Nursing students are studying antiviral drug therapy in a pharmacology class. A student asks the instructor to explain why multi-
drug regimens are used to treat HIV infections. The instructor responds that drug combinations are often prescribed because they
are more effective than single-drug therapy.
Combinations of antiviral drugs are given because, by impacting multiple portions of the life cycle of the virus, they provide
more effective treatment than single-drug regimens. Multi-drug therapy also decreases viral mutations and the emergence of
drug-resistant strains.
A client with HSV-1 is being treated with valacyclovir. The provider asks the nurse to take a photograph and put it in the client's
chart. The nurse would explain this to the client by saying which of the following?
"The doctor will refer to the photograph of the lesions to assess how well treatment is going."
By photographing the lesion, a more objective day-to-day assessment can be done to assess the results of the treatment. It would
be unethical to use a photo of someone for personal or professional teaching without obtaining consent from the client first. A
provider should not photograph a client in order to remember that client by a specific illness.
There are many antiviral medications on the market. What is the clinical reason for this?
Each medication is only effective against a small number of specific viral infections.
Antiviral drugs have limited use because each one is effective against a small number of specific viral infections, so different
drugs are needed for different types of viral infections.
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