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samenvatting biomedische wetenschappen
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samenvatting van lessen biomedische wetenschappen in 1ste jaar logopedie aan de hogeschool
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BIOMEDISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN : NEUROANATOMIEOVERZICHT VAN HET ZENUWSTELSEL
INDELING ZENUWSTELSEL
1) Onwillekeurig ZS (autonoom)
Sympathisch =energieverbruikend (vecht en vlucht)
Parasympathysch = energiesparend (rust)
2) Willekeurig ZS
Centraal
o Hersenen
o Ruggenmerg
Perifeer
o Craniale zenuwen --> hersenstam
o Spinale zenuwen --> ruggenmerg
Centraal zenuwstelsel:
1) Grote hersenen
o Cortex
o Subcortex
2) Hersenstam
o Mesencephalon
o Pons
o Medulla oblongata
3) Kleine hersenen
4) Ruggenmerg
CENTRALE ZENUWSTELSEL
1) Cerebrale cortex
o 2 hemisferen
o Grijze stof = hersenschors
o Gyrus (winding)
o Sulcus (groeve)
o Fissuur (diepe groeve)
o 4 kwabben of lobben
2) Subcorticale structuren
Basale ganglia
o Nucleus caudatus en nucleus lentiformis
o Extrapiramidaal motorisch systeem
o Automatische bewegingen
Capsula interna
o Sensibele en motorische zenuwbanen
, Limbisch systeem
o Geur, emotie, gedrag; recent geheugen
o Corticaal en subcorticaal gelegen
Thalamus en hypothalamus
o Ontvangt gevoelsinformatie en stuurt door naar de cortex voor verwerking
o Hormonen, lichaamstemperatuur, autonoom zs,
slaap-waak cycluse, emoties, seks drive
3) Hersenstam
Mesencephalon (1)
o Tussen cerebrum en pons
o Contact pons
Pons (2)
o Contact cerebellum
o Tussen mesencephalon en pons
Medulla oblongata (3)
o Tussen pons en ruggenmerg
4) Cerebellum
2 hemisferen + cortex
Functie: coördinatie van spieren , evenwicht en spraak
5) Ruggenmerg
LATERALISATIE EN CORPUS CALLOSUM
= hersenbalk: is volledig uit myeline gemaakt
Linkerhemisfeer Rechterhemisfeer
Analytisch Holistisch
Sequentieel parallel
Vnl linguïstisch Vnl. spatieel
routine en regels Exploratie
Corpus callosum
- Interhemisferisch info transfer
- Pas ontw in adolescentie
NEURONEN
Cellen in het ZS
Gliacellen
o Steuncellen met steunfunctie
o Kunnen zichzelf delen
Neuronen
o Zenuwcellen
o Gespecialiseerd in geleiden elektrische
inpulsen
o Kunnen niet meer delen
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