I explained the structure and function of human chromosomes for the pass criteria. I described what is homologous and nonhomologous chromosomes? What is chromosome number and karyotyping? Explain what a photomicrograph is. I also talked about the formation and structure of chromosomes, linked to th...
Key term Definition explanation
Chromosomes Is a small part of the cell The ranking order of size starts with the organism,
that carries hereditary cell, nucleus, chromosomes, gene, DNA.
information (the A genome is an organism with a full set of
biological process that is instructions.
responsible for carrying Chromatin is a macromolecule which consist of
traits from generation to DNA, RNA and protein which is located in the
another as the nucleus of the eukaryotic cells the nucleosomes
appearance of a gene. can be folded to produce chromatin fibre.
Chromatin fibre are coiled and condensed to form
chromosomes.
A nucleosome is a simple continual section located
in the eukaryotic chromatin is the small units that
make up the chromatin. Each nucleosome is made
up of 150 base pairs of DNA sequence tightly coiled
around proteins called histones. The nucleosomes
can be seen under a microscope when the
chromatin is extended. Nucleosomes neutralize the
charges of DNA. The function of nucleosomes is
they help with the packaging the DNA leaves
through the beads of the nucleosomes.
chromatid A chromatid is one of
two identical halves of
the chromosomes.
Bio-Rad
Two chromatids are called a sister chromatid. A
sister chromatid takes place before the cell divides
every single DNA molecule duplicate and this
makes the chromatin shorten and they wrap
around each very compactly. The process of
making a sister-chromatids is that the DNA is
surrounded by two types of protein histone and
non-histone protein to create a single
chromosome. Every single chromosome contains 2
DNA molecules that are the same that are going to
divided in cell division they contain two sister
chromatids. The function of the chromatids is that
, it enables cells to store two copies of their
information before cell division this make sure
that. The makes sure daughter cells are working
and can transport the complete set of diploid
DNAs. It is visible when viewed under a
microscope.
Centromere Centromere is the They are located in the middle area of the
structure in the chromosomes.
chromosomes that holds
two chromatids
together.
Homologous Homologous They are the XY chromosome. The homologous
chromosomes chromosome is out of chromosome one comes from the mother and one
the 23 pairs of comes from the father.
chromosomes 22 of
these pairs are
homologous this means
they are matching. They
cause the 22
chromosomes to have a
matching size and also Because one comes from the mother and the other
be in the same position. one comes from the father.
This enables them to join The role of homologous chromosomes is different
up at meiosis. for mitosis and meiosis. Generally, they allow for
the recombination to occur this means the
chromosomes cross over each other which play a
vital role in genetic diversity and is also responsible
for the gene of the individual.
Loci is an expression that is used to point the place
where the particular gene is on the chromosomes
or also the sequence of DNA. Gene transport
information that is responsible for your traits. An
allele is different version of a gene a human
inherits 2 alleles for each gene one from the
mother and the other from the father. There are
two different types for that gene. If the alleles are
the same, then the person is homozygous and if
the alleles are different then the person is
heterozygous. The chromosomes pair up at
meiosis.
Non Non homologous They are the two xx chromosomes. All the
homologous chromosomes mean the chromosomes are not homologous with any of the
chromosomes chromosomes do not chromosomes.
match at meiosis.
This is the female
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