IEB Grade 12 Newton's Laws and electric fields notes
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Course
Physical Sciences
Institution
12th Grade
This document includes notes on Newton's Laws (first law of motion, second law of motion, third law of motion and law of universal gravitation) and electric fields (Coulomb's Law) from the IEB SAGS. It contains IEB SAGS definitions and further explanations and examples.
1. 1 Newton 's First Law of Motion
( moving with constant)
↳ unless it is acted
an object continues in a state of rest or uniform a
velocity upon a net
force
↳
if an object has mass then it has inertia (M mass ,
9 inertia )
↳ inertia is the of
property of a
body that causes it to resist a change in its state rest
or uniform motio
Examples
1 .
Why does the rider continue to move forward after collision ?
↳
during the collision , the barrier exerts a net horizontal force on the bike
bringing it
to rest
↳ this net horizontal rider
force is not exerted on the
↳
according to Newton 's First Law , the rider will continue moving forward with uniform
velocity
2. How does Newton 's first cash ?
law
apply to a car
↳ a massive net to its motion )
force is exerted on the car (opposite
bringing it to rest
↳
this force is not exerted on the pass anger
↳
according to Newton 's first law , the
passanger will continue
moving forward at uniform
until strike the windshield
velocity they
, I 2 .
Graphs
divided
Directly proportional : two variables with a constant ratio When one variable is
•
.
by the other , the answer is
always a constant
i. e -
-
YT =
constant
Directly proportional graph passing through
will be a
:
straight line
•
the
origin
Inversely proportional two variables with constant product When one variable is
•
: a .
the answer is
multiplied by the other , always a constant
i. e x.
y constant
-
-
.
Inversely proportional graph : will be
hyperbole
•
a
1. 3 Newton 's Second Law of motion
↳ when a net force is applied to an object it accelerates in the direction of the net
force The acceleration
.
directly proportional
is to the net force (ax Fnet ) and inversely
mass (aim )
proportional to the
I. 4
Application of Newton 's second law to horizontal 1 vertical motion
↳ a net force is a
single force that has the same effect as the
original forces acting
together
↳
net force is
equal to the vector sum of individual forces ( Fn et Fi tf Fs )
-
t
-
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