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Essay IPC3703 - Diplomacy Negotiations
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Essay IPC3703 - Diplomacy Negotiations
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By: zanihstrydom • 1 year ago
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COMPULSORY EXAMINATION QUESTION 1:INTRODUCTION
Prenegotiations are the first stage of negotiations. Their job is to establish that
substantive, around-the-table negotiations are worthwhile, and then to agree the
agenda and necessary procedure for tackling it. In this bilateral relationship, these
discussions are usually informal and well out of the public gaze. However in
multilateral diplomacy, where the parties are more numerous and the procedure is
more complex, a good part of the prenegotiations might be both formal and well
advertise, according to Alexander (29-34). Whether formal or informal, public or well
hidden, prenegotiations are often far more important and far more difficult than is
usually supposed. If prenegotiations are successfully concluded, the next task is for
negotiators to movie into around-the-table mode. This stage is generally more
formal, and there is usually more public awareness of what in broad terms, is going
on. After wrapping up any outstanding procedural points, first comes the task of
trying to agree on the basic principles of a settlement: the formula stage. If this is
successfully completed, the details then have to be added. As stated by G.R
Berridge (2010:44).
FORMULA STAGE:
A classic example of a successful formula was the ‘one country, two systems’ idea
that shaped the settlement achieved in 1984 between China and Britain over Hong
Kong. As stated by, Zartman and Berman (44).
CHIEF CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD FORMULA
1. SIMPLICITY
• Must be a straight forward guide for the negotiators to follow
• Must also be simple enough so that it can be publicised
• Big connection between what happens during negotiation around-the-
table and what occurs in public
• In the previous sentence, I quoted the authors directly and referenced
the prescribed reader and page number.
• What the authors intend is that the relevant parties must understand
the entire process and that the undertakings are not confusing. All the
proceedings and agreements are clear and direct.
• In the previous two sentences, I provided my own explanation of what I
quoted in the beginning
2. COMPREHENSIVENESS
• Must promise solutions to all major parts of a dispute between the parties
, • Not always practical for every party to receive what they want
• Has to be flexible to a degree so that one particular point of a disagreement
does not cause the entire formula to fall apart
• In the previous sentence, I have quoted the authors directly and referenced
the prescribed reader and page number
• The formula must be inclusive and broad, as it should cover all aspects of the
negotiations.
• In the previous sentence, I proved my own explanation of what I quoted in the
beginning
3. BALANCE
• Must promise roughly equal gains for both parties
• Stronger parties tend to receive more than weaker parties
• Balance does not necessarily mean equality
• Every party must receive something, they cannot leave completely unsatisfied
• In the previous sentence, I quoted the authors directly and referenced the
prescribed reader and page number
• All parties must feel that they gain equally during the negotiations, not that
one party feels they give without receiving equal gains.
• In the previous sentence, I proved my own explanation of what I quoted in the
beginning
4. FLEXABILTY
• Must permit each party to believe that they might receive what it wants in the
details stage
• In the previous sentence, I have quoted the authors directly and referenced
the prescribed reader and page number
• A formula has to be flexible so that it can be adjusted if needed to, to benefit
both parties.
• In the previous sentence, I proved my own explanation of what I quoted in the
beginning
DETAILS STAGE:
Once the formula is agreed upon by the parties of a negotiation, the final stage
entails agreeing the details. The details stage is the most difficult stage of
negotiations. An example proving how difficult the details stage is includes the
negotiations over Iran’s nuclear programme.
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