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NSG5002 Advanced Theoretical Perspectives for Nursing
1. Overview of theories: Process that involves questions, answers, and practice in a close
relationship. Theorizing is performed differently in different disciplines, but ultimately
seeks to achieve the same goal. Theory can be negative when it is not appropriately
defined by and tied to practice. Theory is multifaceted, complex, and dynamic. It tends to
fall into two categories—commonsense and scientific
2. The types of theories in nursing practice: Empirical, Ethical, Personal Knowing
Common Sense Theory– comprise explanations that people use daily to make sense of
their lives. Represent personal attempts to make meaning of situations based on the
information at hand.Conspiracy theories are an example of commonsense theory
Scientific Theory -more elaborate than commonsense theories contain clearly outlined
characteristics and have well-defined purposes. defined by a set of interrelated concepts,
definitions, and propositions that present a systematic view of events. Theoretical
explanations connect to one another according to deductive systems. (1. What influences
or determines healthy behaviors among older adults?2. Do attitudes lead to behavior
changes among adolescents?3. Why is education level associated with certain outcomes?)
3. The primary metaparadigms of nursing:Metaparadigms - A metaparadigm is the most
abstract view of a discipline, and it consists of the concepts that define that discipline. In
nursing, the most common metaparadigm concepts are human beings, environment,
health, and nursing. Because it has a metaparadigm, nursing is accurately classified as a
discipline, or “a distinct way of viewing all phenomena.
4. The two primary states in emotional Suffering: Suffering is perceived as comprising two
major behavioral states: enduring (in which emotions are suppressed; it is manifested as
an emotionless state) and emotional suffering (an overt state of distress in which
emotions are released).
, 5. The theories states of suffering through emotional behaviors: The Praxis Theory of
SufferingDegrees of Enduring: Scared: Patients are quiet Anxious: Patients are
hyperverbal Frightened: Patients complain, beg, and ask questions in a rapid manner or
make repeated requests Terrified: Patients use short sentences and phrases Out of
control: Patients are hysterical and not coherent
6. Define concept: A word or phrase that captures the essence of something.Proposition: A
statement about one or more concepts.inductive reasoning:Inductive reasoning is the
opposite of deductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning makes broad generalizations from
specific observations. Basically, there is data, then conclusions are drawn from the data.
This is called inductive logic, according to Utah State University. In inductive inference,
we go from the specific to the general. We make many observations, discern a pattern,
make a generalization, and infer an explanation or a theory,” deductive
reasoning:Deductive reasoning is a basic form of valid reasoning. Deductive reasoning,
or deduction, starts out with a general statement, or hypothesis, and examines the
possibilities to reach a specific, logical conclusion.Deductive reasoning usually follows
steps. First, there is a premise, then a second premise, and finally an inference. A common
form of deductive reasoning is the syllogism, in which two statements — a major premise
and a minor premise — reach a logical conclusion. and explanatory: Theories that
provide explanations about a phenomenon.
7. Tools utilized when attempting to translate theory into practical actions: identifying a
practice problem. Asking questions about the problem. Searching for literature about the
problem. Critically evaluating the literature. Integrating the literature with elements of
evidence-based tools. Evaluating the action of the theory in practice. Disseminating
evaluation results.
8. The nursing theorist and theorists:
A. Florence Nightingale: The environmental model of Nursing
B. Dorothy Johnson: Behavioral System Model: DorothyJohnson believed that nursing
should maintain or restore balance to seven behavioral subsystem
C. Dorthea Orem:Orem’s Self Care Deficit TheoryDorthea Orem: The self-care deficit
nursing theory is a grand or broad range nursing theory that was developed between
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