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Learning aim, C undertake chromatographic techniques to identify components in mixtures
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Name: Malik MohammedUnit 2: practical scientific procedures and techniques
Learning aim, C undertake chromatographic techniques
to identify components in mixtures
I am the newly instated technical assistant at chemequip. I
have been given the role to use the methods of
chromatography to find the retention value (Rf = distance
moved by the compound ÷ distance moved by the solvent).
there are two distinguished types of chromatography. (tlc) thin
layer chromatography and paper chromatography, both
different techniques have the same aim which is to separate
substances from a compound to identify them. They are both
cost efficient and take minimal time and effort.
Chromatography is a separation technique by which
components are separated into a mixture. Both quantitative
(measurable) and qualitative (non-numerical) data can be
obtained. The rf value is quantitative data and the qualitative
data is colour and movement. Different forms of
chromatography include thin layer chromatography (TLC),
paper chromatography, gas-layer chromatography (GLC) and
high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this
assignment, we focus on paper chromatography and thin layer
chromatography that separates biological compounds from
plant pigments and paper chromatography that separates
amino acids.
Factors that affect separation in (pc)and (tlc)
Separation depends on how strongly attracted chemicals
are to both the phases. This is a unique characteristic for
the specific chemical compounds which can be used to
separate them in a mixture.
Another factor is solubility as Some substances are more
soluble than others, this means the higher the solubility
the further the pigment travels. The most insoluble parts
, of the pigment don’t dissolve which means it doesn’t
travel.
Another factor is adsorption which is the process in which
molecules of a gas or liquid adhere to a surface Adsorption
describes the bonds which are formed between one
substance and a surface. This is not permanent as the
compounds are constantly moving between stationary
phase (surface) and the mobile phase (e.g. solvent).
P6
Industrial uses of chromatography
In several pharmaceutical fields, and even in the chemical
and food industries, chromatography plays an significant
role. In general, environmental testing laboratories want to
detect very small amounts of pollutants such as PCBs and
pesticides in waste oil. The chromatography process is used
by the Environmental Protection Agency to analyse drinking
water and track the quality of the air. This process is used by
the pharmaceutical industry both to prepare large amounts
of highly pure products and to test the purified compounds
for trace contaminants. In protein separation, such as insulin
purification, plasma fractionation and enzyme purification,
other chromatography applications , especially HPLC, are
used. In different types of industries, different departments
such as Fuel Industry, biotechnology, biochemical processes,
and forensic science, these separation techniques such as
chromatography gain significance. Chromatography is used
in the detection and isolation, examination of additives,
vitamins, preservatives, proteins and amino acids for
consistency assessments and checkers in the food industry.
In DNA fingerprinting and bioinformatics, chromatography
like HPLC is used.
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