Class notes
Class notes Crim 251- Policing In Canada (CRIM251)
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Domestic Violence, Community Policing, Introduction to Justice System and Police Use of Force Notes
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Lecture 4- Police Use of Force Use of Force Options
o Officer Presence
Elements of Presence:
Manner of Arrival (Non-Verbal)
Number of Officers Present
Physical Appearance
Officer’s Uniform
Individual Perception of Officer and/or Department
Communication /Dialogue
Elements of Communication
o Greeting
o Identity Yourself
o Explain Reason for the Contact
o Bring Closure
Physical Control
Hands on Technique
Intermediate Weapons
Less Lethal
Taser (high), Bean Bag shotgun, OC Spray, Baton
Lethal Force
3 Categories
o Commission of a serious offence
o Circumstantial shootings
Treat every fireman as real until otherwise
o Victim-Precipitated Incidents or “Suicide by Cop”
o Factors that May Influence the Matter At Hand
Situation
Time and Distance
Availability of Resources
Attributes of the Individual Police Officer
Presence of a Partner
Actions of the Subject
Mental State of the Subject
Lecture 4- Domestic Violence
Types of Abuse
o Physical (Most Common)
Punching, kicking etc.
o Verbal
Name Calling, Put Downs
, o Intimidation
Gestures, Looks
o Isolation
Keeping people away
o Economic
Trying to have Financial Control
o Environmental
Barriers to Leaving
o On average it takes a victim 6 to 8 tries to leave
o Economic dependence
How will I support myself?
o Fear of Personal Safety
Will it continue if I leave?
o Lack of Skills
Functional Life Skills
o Fear of the criminal justice system
False communication, don’t know about it
o Community ties
o Family Pressure
o Unable to use resources
Illiterate
o Exhaustion
Cycle of Violence
Tension
Incident
Building
Making
Calm
up
o Boys 17x more likely (aggressive behavior)
o Girls 10x more likely
o Culture of Silence (Promote silence in children when witnessing abuse in the
home)
Police’s Response to Domestic Violence
o Traditional Police Response
Arrest was not mandatory
The issue may have also been viewed as a private matter
Domestic Violence, You needed victim cooperation, it is a key for the
prosecution
Violence Against Women In Relationships (VAWIR)
o Key Element: Movement towards a proactive arrest policy
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