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Introduction to immunology
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Lecture that details the beginnings of immunology and gives an overview
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Lecture 1- IntroductionMetchnikoff
- Discovered phagocytosis punctured starfish larvae with a thorn and noticed motile cells
surrounding the injury site, these cells sample the environment [phagocytosis].
Jenner
- Invented the smallpox vaccination injected pus from a cowpox pustule into an open wound on a
child. They discovered that if you were inoculated with the cowpox than you will become immune to
smallpox.
Pasteur
- Developed the principle of vaccinations they injected chickens with cholera, this resulting in a mild
illness yet they survived. This principle was then applied to Anthrax: a weakened form of bacteria
provides protection against the virulent.
- Immunity= the body’s ability to resist infection.
- Immunology= the study of immunity and all phenomena connected to defence mechanisms.
- Phagocytosis= ingestion of bacteria/material by phagocytosis.
Immune System
White blood cells= leucocytes. They are present throughout the body and can be easily seen in the blood.
BEFORE CENTRIFUGATION: A mixture of diluted blood and lymphoprep.
AFTER CENTRIFUGATION: a mix of mononuclear cells, erythrocytes and granulocytes.
Leucocytes are born and raised in the primary lymphoid organs: bone marrow and thymus.
This is the site of lymphopoiesis.
All leucocytes are made in the bone marrow, but some can mature in the thymus where they are
taught wat to respond to.
Migration of Leucocytes Around the Body
- Lymphatic (and blood systems), leucocytes and other cells travel through the blood.
- Only leucocytes travel through the lymph.
Lymph= plasma + leucocytes.
Lymphopoiesis= production of new lymphocytes.
Peyer’s patch= organised nodules of lymphatic cells.
T cells are taught what is self and non-self.
Immunological memory= the immune system’s ability to respond more rapidly and effectively to pathogens
accounted before.
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