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Cellular innate immunity
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Lecture notes detailing cellular innate immunity
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Lecture 4 – Cellular Innate ImmunityLeucocytes circulate in the blood (they make up about 1% of blood= monocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes).
Neutrophils are the most abundant granulocytes.
Cells of the Innate Immune
1/3 of white blood cells are lymphocytes.
System
2/3 granulocytes. - Monocytes/macrophages.
Monocytes make up 5% of the blood. - Granulocytes.
- Blood smear= Giemsa
stain.
Morphology of Cells of the Innate Immune System
- Polymorphonuclear cells (PMN’s) have 1 nucleus.
- Polymorphonuclear cells AKA granulocytes [neutrophils/eosinophils/basophils].
Neutrophil (Polymorph)
Most abundant leucocyte, they are multilobed nuclei.
Granules primary and secretory.
They contain killing agents called defensins, ROS, lysozyme or lactoferrin.
Eosinophil
Fairly big at 15 micrometres.
They usually are bilobed nucleus.
Secretory granules contain basic protein and peroxidase.
Basophil
Bilobed nucleus.
They are large and basic granules, and their organelles are in the cytoplasm.
They are a likely precursor to tissue mast cells.
Mast Cell
- Tissue version of basophils.
- They are long lived, stable and abundant.
Monocytes and Macrophages
- Monocytes are in the blood; macrophages can be found in tissues (histiocytes).
- Granules contain degradative enzymes/cytokines like TNF-alpha.
Pattern Recognition Receptors
- Receptors for pathogens and they’re part of the innate immune system.
- Germline encoded host centres that detect molecules typical of pathogens.
- Pattern recognition receptors recognise PAMP’s and DAMP’s.
- They are invariant and expressed by many leucocytes.
- Targets are common to multiple species and repeating structures.
- Targets are fundamental to functions of the organisms (like the flagellin).
Mast cell= cells filled with basophil granules, that release histamines and other substances in
inflammation and allergic reactions.
Macrophage= large phagocytic cell found stationary in tissues or can be mobile as white blood
cells.
Germline encoded= sequence found in gamete producing cells, passed through generations.
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