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Innate vs adaptive immune system
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Lecture detailing both the adaptive and immune system and displaying their differences
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Lecture 5 – Innate Vs Adaptive ImmunityDiapedesis/extravasation= movement of cells into the tissue.
CD= cluster of differentiation.
Inflammation Can Be Acute or Chronic
Acute-phase proteins= rapid increase in serum proteins in response to inflammation. 2 phases:
o Vascular facilitate flow of cells and proteins to an area.
o Cellular immune cell influx.
Leucocyte Extravasation
Roll tether adhesion diapedesis.
1) Rolling – loose adhesion by selectins.
a. L-selectin (CD62L) on leucocytes.
b. E-selectin (CD62E) on endothelium.
c. P-selectin (CD62P) on platelets and the endothelium.
They bind to carbohydrates with a low affinity= sialylated Lewis X.
Leucocyte rolls along the blood vessel, L-selectin and PSGL-1 begin binding to sialylated Lewis X antigens (and
E/P selectin for endothelial). Begin to slow down and deform.
Selectins can also change cytoskeleton of white blood cells and start to trigger signalling.
2) Adhesion and arrest
a. Integrins= heterodimers alpha and beta chains with lots of different forms.
b. Some integrins exist in multiple conformational states different conformations signal
differences in cells.
LFA-1 exists in multiple forms and can have a low/medium or high affinity.
- Integrins form changes to inactive or active depending on stimuli. Stimulus from receptors inside the
cell change the integrin to active= INSIDE OUT SIGNALLING.
o Integrin binds to the ligand outside of the cell which triggers signals into the cell= OUTSIDE IN
SIGNALLING.
INTEGRIN LIGAND
LFA-1 (CD11c/CD18) ICAM-1/ICAM-2
MAC-1 (CD11b/CD18) I-CAM 1/ICAM-2
VLA-4 (CD49a/CD29) VCAM-1
Alpha4beta7 (CD49b/CD29) VCAM-1
Levels of integrin complexity lets the immune system adapt and be specific to what it is fighting.
Overview of Neutrophil Extravasation
- Key role of selectins very early on.
- Integrins come later.
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