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TCR and BCR receptor structure
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Lecture notes detailing both TCR and BCR receptors and their structure and functions
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Lecture 8 – TCR and BCR Receptor StructureAntibodies make up 20% of plasma proteins in the blood.
About 10 to the 13 – 10 to the 18 different BCR’s are present.
B Cell Diversity
All components of heavy chains are encoded on chromosome 14.
Kappa light chain on chromosome 2.
Lambda light chain on chromosome 22.
3 loci encode antibodies.
Gene Recombination
- Each protein (heavy/light chain) is encoded by multiple gene subunits. There are different
subunits for each gene.
- 2 sets of these make an antibody.
- Heavy and light chains genes are spliced from 1 of many gene segments.
- V= variable genes, D= diversity genes, j= joining genes, C= constant.
- High levels of polymorphism.
Naïve B Cell= B cell is not exposed to an antigen, once exposed it becomes a memory or a plasma
cell. Same V regions on both antibodies but have different heavy chains.
Light Chains
- V, j, C segments.
- Number of them:
o Kappa) V [41], j [5], C [1].
o Lambda) V [33], j [5], C [7].
Heavy Chains
- V, D, j, C segments.
- Number of them:
o V [45], D [23], j [6], C [8].
In heavy chains V, D, j segments encode variable domain. C segment encodes constant domain.
In light chains V, j encodes the variable, C encodes constant.
Most diversity in the antigen-binding region.
Light Chain Recombination
Germ line K-chain DNA) Section upstream of 5” and within the genome encodes for leader sequence
and promotor sequence instigate transcription machinery to make mRNA.
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