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T cell activation
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Detailed lecture notes on T cells and their activation processes
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Lecture 10 – T Cell ActivationSimilarities Between BCR and TCR
Multimeric (made up of more than 1 protein). Can be membrane bound (always for TCR).
Polymorphic.
Lacks direct signalling capacity.
Compromise’s immunoglobulin folds.
Unique to every cell.
Differences Between BCR and TCR
BCR is bivalent, TCR is monovalent.
TCR is membrane bound (no effector function).
TCR only has 2 chains not 4.
BCR undergoes class switching and somatic hypermutation. TCR is fixed when it’s made.
BCR binds the whole antigen, TCR binds peptides in association with MHC.
Structure of TCR
- 2 Chains- normally named alpha and beta.
- Each chain is comprised of 2 immunoglobulin domains.
- The short cytoplasmic tail cannot signal.
- The variable region binds to antigen fragments.
CD3= T cell co-receptor.
CD19= marker of B cells.
TCR/BCR signals through co-receptors.
Extensive Variability in TCR
- Extensive polymorphism throughout the genes that encode for TCR. TCR is also generated by
genetic recombination.
- Alpha genes are encoded by VJ and C genes.
- Beta genes are encoded by VDJ and C genes.
- Occurs in the thymus.
T Cells express CD4 [CD4+ T cells] or CD8 [CD8+ T cells].
Genetic recombination= exchange of genetic material between different organisms. This gives
offspring that has a combination of traits different to the parents.
T Cell Antigen Recognition
Responds to short fragments of an antigen presented with major histocompatibility complex
(MHC).
MHC complex with peptide presented upon the surface of other bodily cells.
TCR binds MHC and peptides.
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