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CD8+ T cells and their role in immunity
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Lecture notes detailing CD8+ T cells and the role they play in immunological processes
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Lecture 13 – CD8+ T CellsActivated CD8+ T Cells
- Once fully activated, T cells are said to be primed.
- Like CD4+ T cells, they undergo mitosis and upregulate the expression of CD25 and IL-2
production.
- Undergo differentiation into cells with a killing ability.
- Exist in the lymph node and patrol the body looking for target cells.
- They are known as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) or Killer T cells.
Features of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
- They kill multiple target cells in succession. They kill effectively in minutes.
- The recognition of targets is just signal 1.
- TCR recognition of MHC/peptide is sufficient to activate trigger killing.
How Do CTLs Kill?
- Using perforin and granzymes.
- Direct release of toxic components to the cell membrane.
- To prevent bystander lysis tight interface between the 2 cells.
Cytolytic Granules
- Cytolytic granules contain perforin and granzymes.
- They are polarised to the target membrane and the contents are released.
Perforin
- Polymerises in the membrane of the target cell.
- Forms a pore in the membrane.
Granzyme B
- Cytolytic granules containing Granzyme B (and other types).
- These are proteases and activators of apoptosis.
- Process happens quickly.
NK Cells and CTLs
- Similar in functions. If CTLs cannot see an intracellular infection, the NK cells might…
NK Cells CTLs
Recognise the absence of MHC Class I Recognise MHC Class I/peptide complexes
Killing activity against infected self Killing against infected self
Innate Adaptive
Use perforin/granzyme to kill Use perforin/granzyme to kill
Memory Differentiation of CD8+ T Cells
- Like CD4+ T Cells >90% of CD8+ T Cells die throughout contraction.
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