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Summary IGCSE Chemistry- Topi 1: The particulate nature of matter
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This is a brief summary of the particulate nature of matter, first topic in IGCSE chemistry,
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|Page2(a) State the distinguishing properties of solids, liquids and gases Topic 1
The particulate
(b) Describe the structure of solids, liquids and gases in terms of nature of matter
particle separation, arrangement and types of motion.
(c) Describe changes of state in terms of melting, boiling, evaporation, freezing,
condensation and sublimation
(d) Describe qualitatively the pressure and temperature of a gas in terms of the
motion of its particles
(e) Show an understanding of the random motion of particles in a suspension (sometimes
known as Brownian motion) as evidence for the kinetic particle (atoms, molecules or
ions) model of matter.
(f) Describe and explain diffusion
2 Supplement
(a) Explain changes of state in terms of the kinetic theory.
(b) Describe and explain Brownian motion in terms of random molecular bombardment
(c) State evidence for Brownian motion
(d) Describe and explain dependence of rate of diffusion on molecular mass (treated
qualitatively)
The states of matter
Add energy
Remove energy
Solid
➢ Arrangement : Regular (ordered) lattice arrangement.
➢ Movement: Vibrational (move about fixed position) because they
are held together by strong forces of attraction.
Solids don't move from their positions and have very strong
attractive forces between particles thus they all keep a definite
shape & volume.
When a solid is heated the particles will vibrate more as they
gain more kinetic energy.
Thus solids expand slightly when heated (need more space).
IGCSE–Chemistry 2018 [Topic 1 Particulate Nature of matter] AOUDI T.A.
, |Page3
Liquids
➢Arrangement : particles close together
➢ Movement: Free to move past each other.
There are some attractive forces between the molecules.
Liquids don’t keep a definite shape but they still have the same
volume.
They have enough energy to move around but they don't have
enough energy to overcome the forces that hold them next to
each other.
Gases
➢Arrangement : The particles are very far apart or completely spread out.
➢Movement: The particles are free to move past each other.
They travel on straight lines.
They have enough have enough energy to overcome the attractive
forces that hold them stuck together.
There is almost (negligible) or NO FORCE of attraction between
the molecules of a gas.
Gases don't keep a definite shape or volume since the particles are
far apart and moving fast. They will always expand to fill any
container.
A gas fills
container
A liquid does not fill container
but has shape of bottom
of container.
IGCSE–Chemistry 2018 [Topic 1 Particulate Nature of matter] AOUDI T.A.
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