UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO TEFL
1.Why teach EFL?
1.1 An introduction to teaching methodologies:
The history of ESL
1.1.1 Teaching methodologies :
METHOD WHAT IS INVOLVED? ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
Grammar-Translation Method • Students usually taught in • Popular in the past.
their first language (L1). • Not generally used by ESL
• Students analyse and learn teachers today.
grammar rules and use this
knowledge to translate texts
into and from the target
language.
Direct method • Based on the idea that • Popular.
students will learn best if • Used by Berlitz language
only English is used in the school chain.
classroom.
• New points of language is
introduced orally, with
vocabulary taught through
gestures and the teacher’s
explanations.
• Accuracy (including correct
pronunciation) and grammar
are not emphasised.
• Grammar is taught indirectly,
not explicitly.
Audio-Lingual method • Based on the idea that • Widely used around the
humans learn best through a world.
series of habit forming • Students listen to recordings
exercises. and repeat the language that
• Uses drilling. they hear.
• Focusses on the use of
grammatical structures,
rather than grammar itself.
The Silent method • Based on the idea that • Fairly uncommon approach
teachers should remain as to language learning.
silent as possible in the
classroom, with students
encouraged students to
produce language
themselves.
1
1.Why teach EFL?
1.1 An introduction to teaching methodologies:
The history of ESL
1.1.1 Teaching methodologies :
METHOD WHAT IS INVOLVED? ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
Grammar-Translation Method • Students usually taught in • Popular in the past.
their first language (L1). • Not generally used by ESL
• Students analyse and learn teachers today.
grammar rules and use this
knowledge to translate texts
into and from the target
language.
Direct method • Based on the idea that • Popular.
students will learn best if • Used by Berlitz language
only English is used in the school chain.
classroom.
• New points of language is
introduced orally, with
vocabulary taught through
gestures and the teacher’s
explanations.
• Accuracy (including correct
pronunciation) and grammar
are not emphasised.
• Grammar is taught indirectly,
not explicitly.
Audio-Lingual method • Based on the idea that • Widely used around the
humans learn best through a world.
series of habit forming • Students listen to recordings
exercises. and repeat the language that
• Uses drilling. they hear.
• Focusses on the use of
grammatical structures,
rather than grammar itself.
The Silent method • Based on the idea that • Fairly uncommon approach
teachers should remain as to language learning.
silent as possible in the
classroom, with students
encouraged students to
produce language
themselves.
1
