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Sumario Excitación del músculo esquelético
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Common test bank questions and answers (85) from Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology / 14th edition
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Excitación del músculo esquelético: transmisión neuromuscular yacoplamiento excitación-contracción
TRANSMISIÓN DE IMPULSOS DESDE LAS TERMINACIONES
NERVIOSAS A LAS FIBRAS DEL MÚSCULO ESQUELÉTICO: LA
UNIÓN NEUROMUSCULAR
Las fibras del músculo esquelético están inervadas por fibras
nerviosas mielinizadas grandes que se originan en las motoneuronas
de la médula espinal. Cada fibra nerviosa estimula normalmente entre
tres y varios cientos de fibras musculares esqueléticas. Cada
terminación nerviosa forma una unión denominada unión
neuromuscular, y el potencial de acción de la fibra muscular viaja en
ambas direcciones hacia los extremos de la fibra muscular. Secreción
de acetilcolina por las terminaciones nerviosas
Cuando un impulso nervioso llega a la unión neuromuscular se liberan
vesículas de acetilcolina hacia el espacio sináptico. En la superficie
interna de la membrana neuronal hay barras densas lineales. A ambos
lados de cada una de estas barras densas hay canales de calcio
activados por el voltaje. Cuando el potencial de acción se propaga por
la terminación, dichos canales se abren permitiendo que iones calcio
difundan hacia el interior de la terminación nerviosa.
Se piensa que los iones calcio ejercen una influencia de atracción
sobre las vesículas de acetilcolina, desplazándolas hacia la membrana
neural adyacente a las barras densas.
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