A summary table that compares the six approaches (psychodynamic, humanism, behaviourism, cognitive, social learning theory, biological) on six different attributes: reductionism vs holism, idiographic vs nomothetic, nature vs nurture, determinism vs free will, how scientific they are, and their pra...
Approach Determinism or Reductionist or Nomothetic or Nature or Is the Real-world
Free will? Holistic? idiographic? Nurture? approach applications
scientific?
Types of determinism: Hard, Types of reductionism: Nature, Nurture, or
Soft, Psychic, Environmental, Biological, Environmental interactionist
Biological
Psychodyna Psychic determinism H: Considers Idiographic Interactionist Uses case studies as >Dream therapy
mic Soft determinism behaviour a result of >Freud attempted to Nature: All his "evidence", though in
>Your childhood and instincts/drives, create a nomothetic processes are innate, a completely
repressed thoughts childhood, and the approach, yet all data e.g. psychosexual unscientific manner
affects your actions unconscious mind collection was stages, the
>However, this can be R: Short list of causes idiographic (case unconscious mind More than:
overcome through though not as short as studies) and so the Nurture: Your early > Humanism
therapy other approaches approach is childhood determines Less than:
idiographic who you will be > Cognitive, SLT,
Biological,
Behaviourism
Humanism Free will Holistic Idiographic Interactionist Complete rejection of >Rogerian therapy
>An assumption is that >Assumption that >No general laws, just Nature: Born with the scientific methods >Gestalt therapy
humans have free will humans are complex studies the individual drive to self-actualise >Maslow's hierarchy
creatures and cannot Nurture: Parent's More than: of needs is still
be studied reducing treatment of child >None frequently used
everything to one determines their later Less than:
factor thoughts and actions >Psychodynamic,
Cognitive, SLT,
Biological,
Behaviourism
Behaviouris Environmental Environmental Nomothetic Nurture Uses scientific >Token economies
m determinism reductionism >Skinner, Harlow, >Babies are born a methods and >CBT
Hard determinism >Behaviour is due to Pavlov etc completed blank slate and learn repetition >Phobias
>Your environment environment and only experiments on everything through >Behavioural science
determines who you the environment multiple test their environment More than: >Nudge Units
are subjects/participants >Humanistic,
>Though behaviour to form general laws Psychodynamic,
can be changed by Cognitive, SLT
counter-conditioning. Equal to:
>Biological
Cognitive Soft determinism H: Thoughts processes Nomothetic Interactionist Uses scientific >Cognitive
>Schemas determine including schemas are >Seeks to establish Nature: Cognitive methods such as fMRI neuroscience
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