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PSY1029C Oh wat fijn, drugs en het brein!
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Drugs en het brein PSY1029C,Inhoud
Wat is een drug?....................................................................................................................................5
Hoe drugs zijn geëvolueerd...............................................................................................................5
Wat is een drug?................................................................................................................................5
Classificatie van drugs?.........................................................................................................................5
Opioïde (Opium, heroïne, methadon, buprenorfine, codeïne)............................................................5
Gevolgen........................................................................................................................................5
Stimulanten (Cocaïne, speed (amphetamine), methamphetamine, caffeïne, steroïde, tabak, Qat en
mephedron)........................................................................................................................................6
Hoe worden ze gebruikt?...............................................................................................................6
Depressants (downer) (alcoholo, benzodiazepine, GHB)...................................................................6
Psychedelische drugs (LSD, paddo’s etc.).........................................................................................7
Minder gemakkelijk te classificeren drugs.........................................................................................7
XTC...............................................................................................................................................7
Ketamine........................................................................................................................................7
Cannabis (wiet)..............................................................................................................................7
Hoe werken drugs op neurotransmissie? (Alcohol en nicotine).............................................................9
Chemicaliën in het menselijk brein....................................................................................................9
Neurotransmitters............................................................................................................................10
Tabak...............................................................................................................................................11
Hoe kan alcoholtolerantie ontstaan?....................................................................................................12
Welke effecten hebben alcohol en nicotine op het gedrag (en lichaam)?.............................................13
Alcohol............................................................................................................................................13
Tabak...............................................................................................................................................14
Lichaam.......................................................................................................................................14
Gedrag.........................................................................................................................................14
Hoe verklaar je individuele verschillen in reacties op drugs?..............................................................14
Nemen van drugs.............................................................................................................................14
Wanneer spreek je van een verslaving?...............................................................................................14
Is er een “verslavende persoonlijkheid”?.........................................................................................14
Breinmechanismen van verslaving..................................................................................................15
Ontwenning en craving....................................................................................................................17
Fysieke ontwenning.....................................................................................................................17
Psychologische ontwenning.........................................................................................................17
Verslaving diagnosticeren................................................................................................................18
Wat zijn de drugs en welke effecten hebben ze (Meow meow, ritalin, cocaïne)..................................20
, Meow Meow (mephedrone).............................................................................................................20
Cocaïne............................................................................................................................................20
Schade / effecten..........................................................................................................................20
Verschil tussen kauwen en snuiven..............................................................................................20
Ritalin..............................................................................................................................................21
Neurogedeelte..............................................................................................................................21
Hoe speelt de manier van toediening een rol in drugsgebruik? ...........................................................22
Zeven methoden van gebruik...........................................................................................................22
Meow Meow....................................................................................................................................22
Cocaïne............................................................................................................................................23
Ritalin..............................................................................................................................................23
Wanneer is een drug legaal/illegaal, wanneer als medicatie en wanneer als recreatieve drug? (verschil
ritalin en cocaïne). ..............................................................................................................................24
Ritalin..............................................................................................................................................25
Is de Meow Meow drugs daadwerkelijk zo schadelijk (effecten Meow Meow drug) zoals er in het
krantenartikel wordt aangegeven? ......................................................................................................25
Lang leve de media..........................................................................................................................25
Gevaren van Meow Meow...............................................................................................................25
Classificatie van designerdrugs. ..........................................................................................................26
Het verband tussen designer drugs en criminaliteit..............................................................................27
Meow Meow....................................................................................................................................27
Cocaïne............................................................................................................................................27
Hoe werken psychedelica en cannabinoïden? (Effecten) (neurotransmitters)......................................28
Cannabis..........................................................................................................................................28
Hoe werkt cannabis......................................................................................................................28
Geschiedenis................................................................................................................................31
Hennep.........................................................................................................................................31
Cannabis als drugs.......................................................................................................................31
Voordelen van cannabis...............................................................................................................32
Schade dat cannabis kan toebrengen............................................................................................32
LSD.................................................................................................................................................32
Hoe werken psychedelica.............................................................................................................32
Verschil tussen recreatief gebruik en voorgeschreven als medicijn?...................................................33
Recreatief.........................................................................................................................................33
Medicijn...........................................................................................................................................33
Zijn bepaalde mensen extra gevoelig voor de negatieve effecten?.......................................................34
Hoe als therapie gebruiken? Ook combinatie met gedragstherapie?....................................................34
Cannabis..........................................................................................................................................34
, LSD.................................................................................................................................................34
Hoe wordt de lethal dosis van een drug bepaald?................................................................................37
LD50.................................................................................................................................................37
Wat is de huidige classificering van drugs en waar is deze op gebaseerd? (UK en NL)......................38
Stimulanten......................................................................................................................................39
Downers...........................................................................................................................................39
Opoïden...........................................................................................................................................39
Psychedelica....................................................................................................................................39
Classificering België, Nederland, Engeland.....................................................................................40
Wat is de kritiek op de huidige systemen van classificering? .............................................................41
Welke schade kan er ontstaan door drugs en moet ook meegenomen worden in de classificering (dus
niet alleen met betrekking tot de gebruiker zelf)..................................................................................42
Ecstasy.............................................................................................................................................42
Schade aan de gebruiker..................................................................................................................44
Schade aan anderen..........................................................................................................................45
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