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Met deze samenvatting voor geschiedenis haal je in 1 keer je toelatingstoets!

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Met deze samenvatting heb ik in 1 keer mijn toelatingstoets gehaald. Daarnaast heb ik nog oefenexamens gemaakt. Deze zijn gratis te downloaden op de site van de PABO.

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  • March 2, 2022
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Inhoudsopgave
H1: Prehistorie: Jagers en verzamelaars (tot 3000 v.Chr.)...............................................................................6
Jagers en verzamelaars........................................................................................................................................6
5300 voor christus -> landbouw verspreid in Nederland................................................................................7
Bandkeramiekerscultuur.................................................................................................................................7
-> Zuid-limburg................................................................................................................................................7
Trechtbekercultuur..........................................................................................................................................7
Hunnebeden in friesland en drenthe -> trechtervormige bekers voor dode..................................................7
3300 voor Christus ->Eerste geschrift: spijkerschrift.......................................................................................7

H2: Oudheid: grieken en romeinen (3000 VC- 500).........................................................................................7
De Grieks-Romeinse cultuur.................................................................................................................................7
De grieken........................................................................................................................................................7
De romeinen....................................................................................................................................................8
Grieks-romeinse cultuur..................................................................................................................................8
Polytheïstisch...................................................................................................................................................8
Het Romeinse wereldrijk......................................................................................................................................8
Romeinse rijk...................................................................................................................................................9
Julius Caesar.....................................................................................................................................................9
Bataven............................................................................................................................................................9
Ontwikkeling van het christendom......................................................................................................................9
Monotheïsten..................................................................................................................................................9
Jezus christus...................................................................................................................................................9
Het christendom als staatsgodsdienst...........................................................................................................10
Keizer Constantijn..........................................................................................................................................10
Keizer Theodosius..........................................................................................................................................10

H3: Middeleeuwen: Monniken en ridders (500 – 1000) ................................................................................10
Verspreiding christendom in Europa..................................................................................................................10
De franken.....................................................................................................................................................10
oorde..............................................................................................................................................................11
Ontstaan en verspreiding van de islam..............................................................................................................11
Koran..............................................................................................................................................................11
Mekka............................................................................................................................................................11
Kaliefen..........................................................................................................................................................11
Hofstelsel en horigheid.......................................................................................................................................12
Karel de grote................................................................................................................................................13

,H4: Middeleeuwen: Steden en staten (1000-1500).......................................................................................15
-> late middeleeuwen.........................................................................................................................................15
Opkomst van handel en ontstaan van steden....................................................................................................15
Drieslagstelsel................................................................................................................................................15
Gilden = vakbond...........................................................................................................................................16
Hanzen...........................................................................................................................................................16
Florsis V van Holland......................................................................................................................................17
Staatsvorming en centralisatie..........................................................................................................................17
Soort eerste grondwet in Nederland.............................................................................................................18

H5: Nieuwe tijd: Ontdekkers en hervormers (1500-1600).............................................................................18
Hendrik de zeevaarder (1394-1460)..............................................................................................................19
Bartholomeus Diaz.........................................................................................................................................19
Vasco da Gama..............................................................................................................................................19
Christoffel Columbus.....................................................................................................................................19
Ferdinand magellaan.....................................................................................................................................19
Willem Barentsz.............................................................................................................................................19
Reformatie..........................................................................................................................................................20
Johannes Calvijn............................................................................................................................................21
Reformatie = hervorming..............................................................................................................................21
Landsheer Filips II..........................................................................................................................................21
Smeekschrift..................................................................................................................................................21
Beeldenstorm................................................................................................................................................21
Nederlandse opstand.....................................................................................................................................21
Johannes Goetenberk....................................................................................................................................22
Klassieke oudheid = renaissance...................................................................................................................22
Nicolaas Copernicus.......................................................................................................................................22
Galileo galilei..................................................................................................................................................22
De opstand.........................................................................................................................................................22
Willem van oranje..........................................................................................................................................22
Geuze.............................................................................................................................................................23
Filips de 2e.....................................................................................................................................................23
Generaal de hertog van alfa..........................................................................................................................23
Keizer Karel V.................................................................................................................................................24
Centralisatiepolitiek.......................................................................................................................................24
Ketters............................................................................................................................................................24
Smeekschrift der Edelen................................................................................................................................24
Raad van Beroerten.......................................................................................................................................25
1 april 1572....................................................................................................................................................25
- Unie van Atrecht..........................................................................................................................................25
Plakkaat van Verlatinghe...............................................................................................................................26
Maurits van Oranje........................................................................................................................................26

H6: Nieuwe tijd vorsten en regenten (1600-1700)......................................................................................... 26
De gouden eeuw.................................................................................................................................................26
VOC = verenigde oost-indische compagnie...................................................................................................26
Wisselbank.....................................................................................................................................................27
Stapelmarkt....................................................................................................................................................27
kruidnagel......................................................................................................................................................27
Gouden eeuw.................................................................................................................................................28
Handelskapitalisme........................................................................................................................................28
West-Indische Compagnie = WIC..................................................................................................................28
Batavia...........................................................................................................................................................28

, Willem Blaeu..................................................................................................................................................28
Beemster........................................................................................................................................................28
Turf.................................................................................................................................................................28
Migratie..........................................................................................................................................................28
Burgerlijk bestuur en stedelijk bestuur..............................................................................................................29
Antony van leeuwenhoek..............................................................................................................................29
Hans liepershei, Zacharias jansen en Jacob meetsius...................................................................................29
Stedelijke cultuur...........................................................................................................................................29
Hugo de groot................................................................................................................................................29
Vraag naar kunst............................................................................................................................................30
Rembrandt van Rijn.......................................................................................................................................30
Protestantisme..............................................................................................................................................30
Baruch Spinoza..............................................................................................................................................30
Christiaan Huygens........................................................................................................................................31
De republiek.......................................................................................................................................................31
De republiek der zeven Nederlanden (1588-1795).......................................................................................31
Veto................................................................................................................................................................31
Autonomie.....................................................................................................................................................31
Stadhouderlijke functie = Willem van Oranje................................................................................................31
Raadspensionaris...........................................................................................................................................31
Holland...........................................................................................................................................................32
van Oldenbarnevelt.......................................................................................................................................32
Koning............................................................................................................................................................32

H7: Nieuwe Tijd: Pruiken en revoluties (1700-1800)......................................................................................32
Slavenhandel......................................................................................................................................................32
Conquistadors................................................................................................................................................33
Hernando Cortés............................................................................................................................................33
Slaven.............................................................................................................................................................33
Driehoekshandel............................................................................................................................................33
De Verlichting................................................................................................................................................33
Abolitionisme.................................................................................................................................................34
Afschaffing slavernij en slavenhandel Britse parlement...............................................................................34
WIC.................................................................................................................................................................34
De Bataafse revolutie.........................................................................................................................................34
Wetenschappelijke revolutie.........................................................................................................................34
Verlichte denkers...........................................................................................................................................34
Rationalisme..................................................................................................................................................34
EIse Eisinga.....................................................................................................................................................34
Denis Diderot.................................................................................................................................................34
Opstand..........................................................................................................................................................35
Noord-Amerika..............................................................................................................................................35
Lodewijk XVI...................................................................................................................................................35
Bevolking Frankrijk.........................................................................................................................................35
De bourgeoisie...............................................................................................................................................35
Pacht..............................................................................................................................................................35
Nationale vergadering...................................................................................................................................35
De Bastille......................................................................................................................................................35
Ancien Régime...............................................................................................................................................36
Napoleon Bonaparte......................................................................................................................................36
Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden...............................................................................................36
Regenten........................................................................................................................................................36
Patriotten.......................................................................................................................................................36
Bataafse revolutie..........................................................................................................................................37
Staatsregeling van 1798.................................................................................................................................37

, Monarchie......................................................................................................................................................37
Lodewijk Napoleon........................................................................................................................................37
1806 -> koning in Nederland.........................................................................................................................37
1813 -> Napoleon werd verslagen.................................................................................................................37

Nieuwe tijd: Burgers en stoommachines (1800-1900)...................................................................................37
Industriële Revolutie...........................................................................................................................................37
Oorzaken industriële revolutie......................................................................................................................38
Gevolgen........................................................................................................................................................38
Fabrieksarbeiders..........................................................................................................................................38
Modern imperialisme....................................................................................................................................38
Fabrieksarbeiders...............................................................................................................................................38
Gevolgen urbanisatie.....................................................................................................................................39
Sociale kwestie...............................................................................................................................................39
Kiesrecht........................................................................................................................................................39
Politieke stromingen......................................................................................................................................39
Sociale wetgeving..........................................................................................................................................40
Hygiëne..........................................................................................................................................................40
LouisPasteur...................................................................................................................................................40
Elektriciteit =..................................................................................................................................................40
Tweede industriële revolutie.........................................................................................................................40
Kinderwetje van Van Houten.........................................................................................................................40
Leerplicht.......................................................................................................................................................40
Vincent van Gogh...........................................................................................................................................41
De stijl............................................................................................................................................................41
Moderne kunst..............................................................................................................................................41
Opkomst emancipatiebewegingen....................................................................................................................41
Emancipatie...................................................................................................................................................41
Economische liberalisme...............................................................................................................................41
Kapitalisme....................................................................................................................................................41
Karl Marx........................................................................................................................................................41
Marxisme.......................................................................................................................................................41
Bourgeoisie....................................................................................................................................................41
Proletariaat....................................................................................................................................................42
Stakingen.......................................................................................................................................................42
Vakbonden = vakverenigingen......................................................................................................................42
Feminisme......................................................................................................................................................42
Alletta jacobs.................................................................................................................................................42
Sociaal-Democratische Arbeidsparty = SDAP................................................................................................42
Naar een parlementair stelsel............................................................................................................................42
Napoleon.......................................................................................................................................................42
Belgische opstand..........................................................................................................................................43
Franse tijd in Nederland................................................................................................................................43
Continentale stelsel.......................................................................................................................................43
Revolutiejaar 1848.........................................................................................................................................43
Gevolg van revolutiejaar 1848.......................................................................................................................43
Parlementair stelsel.......................................................................................................................................43
Ministriële verantwoordelijkheid..................................................................................................................43
Confessionelen..............................................................................................................................................44
Imperialisme en nationalisme............................................................................................................................44
Moderne imperialisme..................................................................................................................................44
Soekarno........................................................................................................................................................44
Modern imperialisme....................................................................................................................................44
Cultuurstelsel.................................................................................................................................................44

, Ethische politiek.............................................................................................................................................44
Max Havelaar.................................................................................................................................................45
Nationalisme..................................................................................................................................................45
Conferentie van Berlijn..................................................................................................................................45
Afschaffing slavernij.......................................................................................................................................45

H9: Nieuwste Tijd: Wereldoorlogen (1900-1950).......................................................................................... 45
Aanleiding eerste wereldoorlog....................................................................................................................45
De centralen..................................................................................................................................................45
Geallieerden...................................................................................................................................................45
Duitse Von Schlieffenplan..............................................................................................................................45
Wapens..........................................................................................................................................................46
Gevolg Russische revolutie............................................................................................................................46
Onbeperkte duikbotenoorlog........................................................................................................................46
Sovjets sloten vredesverdag met Duitsland..................................................................................................46
Duitsland en Oostenrijk gaven zich over.......................................................................................................46
Vrede van Versailles......................................................................................................................................46
Einde van grote vorstenverhuizing................................................................................................................46
Eerste Wereldoorlog gevolg Nederland........................................................................................................46
Vluchtelingenkampen....................................................................................................................................47
Volkenbond....................................................................................................................................................47
Interbellum....................................................................................................................................................47
Hoogconjunctuur...........................................................................................................................................47
Colijn -> politici..............................................................................................................................................47
Het nationaal-socialisme...............................................................................................................................47
Adolf Hitler.....................................................................................................................................................47
Bierkellerputsch.............................................................................................................................................47
Antisemieten..................................................................................................................................................48
Mein Kampf...................................................................................................................................................48
Italiaanse fascisme.........................................................................................................................................48
Mussolini........................................................................................................................................................48
Nationaal-Socialistische beweging (NSB)......................................................................................................48
Jodenvervolging.............................................................................................................................................48
Rassenwet van Neurenberg...........................................................................................................................48
Verschil fascisme en nationaalsocialisme.....................................................................................................48
Kristallnacht...................................................................................................................................................48
Holocaust.......................................................................................................................................................49
Ariërverklaring...............................................................................................................................................49
Februaristaking..............................................................................................................................................49
Kamp Westerbork..........................................................................................................................................49
Anne Frank.....................................................................................................................................................49
Annexatie.......................................................................................................................................................49
1 september 1939..........................................................................................................................................49
Blitzkrieg........................................................................................................................................................49
Gevolg: Slag om Engeland.............................................................................................................................50
Pearl Harbor...................................................................................................................................................50
11 december 1941.........................................................................................................................................50
Asmogendheden............................................................................................................................................50
Geallieerden...................................................................................................................................................50
Slag om stalingrad..........................................................................................................................................50
D-Day.............................................................................................................................................................50
8 mei 1945.....................................................................................................................................................50
10 mei 1940...................................................................................................................................................50
Radio oranje...................................................................................................................................................50
Operatie Market Garden (slag bij Arnhem)...................................................................................................51
Collaboratie....................................................................................................................................................51

, Razzia’s...........................................................................................................................................................51
Arbeitseinsatz................................................................................................................................................51
Operatie Manna.............................................................................................................................................51
Dodenherdenking..........................................................................................................................................51
Bevrijdingsdag................................................................................................................................................51

H10: Nieuwe tijd: TV en computer (1950-heden)..........................................................................................52
De koloniën worden onafhankelijk.....................................................................................................................52
Zuid-Afrika onafhankelijk...............................................................................................................................52
Ethische koers................................................................................................................................................52
Partai Nasional indonesia (PNI).....................................................................................................................52
Akkoord van Lingadjatti.................................................................................................................................52
Politionele acties............................................................................................................................................53
Soevereiniteitsoverdracht.............................................................................................................................53
Statuut voor het Koninkrijk de Nederlanden -> grondwet............................................................................53
De koude oorlog.................................................................................................................................................53
Koude oorlog.................................................................................................................................................53
Kapitalistische Amerika = kapitalisme en democratie...................................................................................53
De Berlijnse muur..........................................................................................................................................54
Ijzeren gordijn................................................................................................................................................54
Verenigde Naties (VN)...................................................................................................................................54
Veiligheidsraad..............................................................................................................................................54
Vertorecht......................................................................................................................................................54
Cubacrisis.......................................................................................................................................................54
Michail Gorbatsjov.........................................................................................................................................55
Boris Jeltsin....................................................................................................................................................55
Kabinetten Drees...........................................................................................................................................55
Europese Eonomische Gemeeenschap (EEG)................................................................................................55
Euro ingevoerd...............................................................................................................................................55
Europese Unie (EU)........................................................................................................................................55
Watersnoodramp..........................................................................................................................................56
Slochteren......................................................................................................................................................56
Consumptiemaatschappij..............................................................................................................................56
Marshallhulp vanuit vs...................................................................................................................................56
Jongerencultuur ontstond.............................................................................................................................56
Democratisering en emancipatie van bevolking...........................................................................................56
Secularisatie...................................................................................................................................................56
Gastarbeider..................................................................................................................................................57
Pluriforme of europese multiculturele samenleving.....................................................................................57
Oliecrisis.........................................................................................................................................................57
2e oliecrisis.....................................................................................................................................................57
Mileuvervuiling..............................................................................................................................................57



H1: Prehistorie: Jagers en verzamelaars (tot 3000
v.Chr.)
Jagers en verzamelaars
-> prehistorie = periode zonder schriftelijke bronnen
Belangrijkste ontwikkelingen
- De levenswijze van de jager-verzamelaar
- Het ontstaan van landbouw en landbouwsamenlevingen
- Het ontstaan van de eerste stedelijke gemeenschappen

,Nomadische samenleving
12000 tot 8000 VC -> Mensen leefden als jagers en verzamelaars. Ze trokken in klein
groepjes rond op zoek naar voedsel uit de natuur. Als de dieren waar ze op jaagden
vertrokken, gingen ze mee.
- duidelijke taakverdeling tussen man en vrouw
- maken werktuigen en wapens van steen en later plantenvezels en beenderen
- waarschijnlijk al eerste vormen van godsdienst
- kunst: kleine beeldjes en grotschilderingen

8000 VC -> het werd warmer en de rendieren en rendierjagers trokken naar het noorden.
Enige sporen die ze achterlieten zijn sporen van hun kampen

Onderzoeken van de prehistorie
- archeologen bestuderen ongeschreven bronnen
- bestuderen jager-verzamelaar gemeenschappen die nu nog bestaan

Tussen 10.000 en 7.000 voor Christus
- Landbouw, gewassen verbouwen -> midden oosten
- Niet meer rondtrekken
- Boerderijen ontstonden
- Nomandisch bestaan -> veranderde nu in agrarisch bestaan
- Agrarische revolutie

Gevolgen agrarische revolutie
- bevolkingsgroei, specialisatie, handel, veiligheidsmaatregelen, regering, ziekten, sociale
verschillen

Eerste boeren in West-Europa
5300 voor christus -> landbouw verspreid in Nederland
Bandkeramiekerscultuur
-> Zuid-limburg
- Versierde uitgebreid hun werk
Trechtbekercultuur
Hunnebeden in friesland en drenthe -> trechtervormige bekers voor dode

3300 voor Christus ->Eerste geschrift: spijkerschrift
- Ontwikkeld in Midden-Oosten
- Schrift voor de ruilhandel
- Einde prehistorie
- Nederland: romeinen -> einde eerste eeuw voor christus


H2: Oudheid: grieken en romeinen (3000 VC- 500)
-> oudheid
De Grieks-Romeinse cultuur
De grieken
750 voor Christus

, - Stadstaten culturele bloei
- Handelsproducten: olie, wijn, potten en vazen
- Kunst speelde belangrijke rol

Hellenisme
Kolonies van grieken verspreiden in europa, midden oosten en Azië door onvruchtbare
grond

Griekse geleerde -> zocht als een van de eerste begrijpelijke verklaringen voor de natuur

De romeinen
8e eeuw voor christus
Rome gesticht: klein handelsdorpje -> belangrijkste handelsstad -> romeinse rijk

2e eeuw voor christus
Romeinen heersten over een groot gebied rond de middelandse zee -> machtpositie van
grieken overgenomen
- Hellenistische cultuur werd Grieks-Romeinse cultuur over europa

Grieks-romeinse cultuur
- Aquaducten werden gemaakt
- Vloer- en wandverarming -> 2e eeuw voor christus

Colosseum
Amfitheater in Rome -> eerste eeuw na christus -> grootste in romeinse rijk -> sport en
gladiatorenwedstrijden

geloof
Namen de romeinen over van de Grieken.

Polytheïstisch
Een religie waarin meerdere goden een rol speelde. Poly -> veel theos -> god

Pantheon in Rome
Tempel

Het Romeinse wereldrijk
Veroveringen romeinse rijk
De landen maakte kennis met Romeinse schrift, vervingen ruilhandel door betaling met
muntgeld en namen het geloof
over. = romanisering

750 v christus -> rome ontstaan

Romeinse leger
Legioenen -> eenheden van 6000
man -> vijanden aanvallen

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