Dit is een samenvatting van het vak 'anatomie en fysiologie 1'. Het is een samenvatting over de leerstof van semester 1 en het boek en de cursus is gebruikt. Ik heb ook gebruik gemaakt van figuren.
, 5.1.3.1 halswervels: vertebra cervicalis .................................................................................... 19
5.1.3.2 lendenwervel: vertebra lumbalis .................................................................................. 19
5.1.4 gespecialiseerde en onvergangswervels .............................................................................. 19
5.1.4.1 eerste halswervel: atlas ................................................................................................. 19
5.1.4.2 tweede halswervel: axis ................................................................................................ 20
5.1.4.4 os coccyx of staartbeen ................................................................................................. 22
5.1.5 craniaal gedeelde wervelzuil ......................................................................................... 22
5.2 de thorax ..................................................................................................................................... 23
5.2.1 sternum – borstbeen ............................................................................................................ 23
5.2.2 costa of rib ............................................................................................................................ 23
5.2.2.1 typische ribben .............................................................................................................. 23
5.2.2.2 bijzondere ribben .......................................................................................................... 23
5.2.3 aanvullende elementen ........................................................................................................ 24
5.2.3.1 os hyoideum of tongbeen ............................................................................................. 24
5.2.3.2 cartilago thyroidea of schildkraakbeen ......................................................................... 24
6 beenverbindingen .............................................................................................................................. 28
6.1 verbindingen tussen de wervellichamen .................................................................................... 28
6.2 verbindingen tussen processi articulares: facetgewrichten........................................................ 28
6.3 gespecialiseerde gewrichten aan craniale en caudale uiteinden................................................ 29
6.3.1 beenverbindingen aan craniale uiteinde.............................................................................. 29
6.3.1.1 beweegelijkheid tussen axis – atlas – os occipitale:...................................................... 29
6.3.1.2 werking gezamenlijk apparaat: ................................................................................. 31
6.4 synthese: globale wervelzuil ....................................................................................................... 31
6.4.1 globale beweeglijkheid wervelzuil ....................................................................................... 32
6.4.1.1 gewrichten ..................................................................................................................... 32
6.4.2 synthese thorax .................................................................................................................... 33
6.4.2.1 beschrijving zijden ......................................................................................................... 33
6.4.2.3 verbindingen in borstkas ............................................................................................... 33
6.4.2.4 ademhalingsbewegingen ............................................................................................... 33
6.4.3 gordels .................................................................................................................................. 34
6.4.3.1 bovenste gordel (semester 2) ....................................................................................... 34
6.4.3.2 onderste gordel: opbouw pelvis minor & major ........................................................... 34
6.4.4 steun gevende elementen buikwand ................................................................................... 34
6.4.5 gewrichten van het bekken .................................................................................................. 35
6.4.5.1 articulatio sacro iliaca .................................................................................................... 35
6.4.5.2.1 groepen ligamenten: p189 sesam .......................................................................... 35
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, 6.4.5.2 ligamenta sacroiliaca ..................................................................................................... 35
7 de spieren ........................................................................................................................................... 37
7.1 spieren wervelzuil........................................................................................................................ 37
7.1.1 autochtone rugspieren: lumbaal – thoracaal – cervicaal ..................................................... 37
7.1.1.1 spierbundels: ................................................................................................................. 37
7.1.3 fascia thoracolumbalis (3) .................................................................................................... 38
7.1.4 werking autochtone spieren p72 ......................................................................................... 39
7.1.5 autochtone halsspieren ........................................................................................................ 39
7.1.5.1 1. Prevertebrale halsspieren of longus groep ............................................................... 39
7.1.5.3 - 3. Infrahyale halsspieren - rectusgroep....................................................................... 40
7.1.6 autochtone spieren van de ventrolaterale rompwand ........................................................ 40
7.1.6.1 autochtone borstspieren en hun lumbale homologen ................................................. 40
7.1.6.2 rechte en platte buikspieren ......................................................................................... 41
7.1.7 diafragma (=middenrif) in een exochtone spier ................................................................... 42
7.1.8 werking diafragma ................................................................................................................ 42
7.1.9 fascien hals ........................................................................................................................... 43
7.1.10 m. Levator ani ..................................................................................................................... 43
8 bewegingsstelsel van het hoofd ......................................................................................................... 44
8.1.1 os frontale, voorhoofdsbeen ................................................................................................ 44
8.1.2 os pariëntale, wandbeen ...................................................................................................... 44
8.1.3 os occipitale, achterhoofdsbeen .......................................................................................... 45
8.1.4 os temporale, slaapbeen ...................................................................................................... 45
8.1.5 os sphenoidale, wiggebeen .................................................................................................. 45
8.1.6 maxilla, bovenkaakbeen ....................................................................................................... 46
8.1.7 os lacrimale, traanbeen ........................................................................................................ 46
8.1.8 os nasale ............................................................................................................................... 46
8.1.9 os platinum, verhemeltebeen .............................................................................................. 46
8.1.10 os ethmoidale ..................................................................................................................... 46
8.1.11 concha nasalis, inferior, onderste neusschelp ................................................................... 46
8.1.12 vomer, neustussenschotbeentje ........................................................................................ 46
8.1.13 os zygomaticum, jukbeen ................................................................................................... 47
8.1.14 mandibula, onderkaaksbeen .............................................................................................. 47
8.2 algemeenheden betreffende de verbindingen in de schedel ..................................................... 48
8.3 schedelnaten = onbeweegelijk .................................................................................................... 48
8.3.1 calvaria schedeldak (zicht op de kruin) ................................................................................ 48
8.3.2 basis cranii interna (zich op boden vacum cranii) ................................................................ 48
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, 8.3.3 basis cranii externa ............................................................................................................... 50
8.4 kaakgewricht = enige beweegelijke schedelgewricht ................................................................. 50
8.5 de spieren .................................................................................................................................... 50
8.5.1 platysma ............................................................................................................................... 50
8.5.2 m epicranius, m occipitofrontalis ......................................................................................... 50
8.5.3 spieren rond oogspleet m. Orbicularis oculi (4) ................................................................... 51
8.5.4 spieren rond de mond .......................................................................................................... 51
8.5.5 kauwspieren ......................................................................................................................... 51
8.5.6 werking kauwgewricht ......................................................................................................... 52
8.5.6.1 1. Voor & achterwaartse bewegingen........................................................................... 52
8.5.6.2 2. Maaltijdbewegingen: door bijkomende as ................................................................ 52
8.5.7 suprahyale spieren ............................................................................................................... 52
9 fysiologie............................................................................................................................................. 53
9.1 peilproef chemie: ........................................................................................................................ 53
9.2 fysiologie van de cel .................................................................................................................... 54
9.2.1 organisatie niveaus. .............................................................................................................. 54
9.2.2 de cel als functionele eenheid .............................................................................................. 54
9.2.3 bouw van de cel.................................................................................................................... 55
9.2.3.1 structuur celmembraan ................................................................................................. 55
9.2.3.2 transport doorheen membraan .................................................................................... 55
9.2.3.3 elektrochemische gradiënt ............................................................................................ 56
9.2.4 actief transport ..................................................................................................................... 57
9.2.4.1 moleculaire pompsystemen: ......................................................................................... 57
9.2.4.2 membraneuze pompsystemen:..................................................................................... 57
9.3 celorganellen ............................................................................................................................... 57
9.3.1 mitochondriën ...................................................................................................................... 58
9.3.2 functie: energie leveren ....................................................................................................... 58
10 neurofysiologie ................................................................................................................................. 58
10.1.1 anatomische indeling ......................................................................................................... 58
10.1.2 fysiologische indeling ......................................................................................................... 59
10.1.2.1 - 1. Indelingnaarwerking/functie ................................................................................ 59
10.1.2.2 2. Indeling naar invloed van wil ................................................................................... 59
10.2 perifere zenuw .......................................................................................................................... 59
10.2.1 - 1. Bouw van een neuron ................................................................................................. 59
10.2.2 - 2. Zenuwvezels ................................................................................................................ 60
10.3 werking zenuwstelsel: prikkels .................................................................................................. 60
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