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Samenvatting 1 - de mens
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Deel 1 van de mens, voor dit deel was ik van de eerste keer geslaagd!
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DE MENSInhoudsopgave
INLEIDENDE LES....................................................................................................................................................................... 4
DE PSYCHOLOGIE VAN DE MENS, WETENSCHAPPELIJK BENADERD........................................................................................... 6
WAT IS PSYCHOLOGIE?.....................................................................................................................................................................6
WAT VERSTAAN WE ONDER PSYCHOLOGIE?..............................................................................................................................6
WAAROM ZIJN WIJ ZO GOEDGELOVIG?......................................................................................................................................7
WETENSCHAPPELIJKE METHODE.................................................................................................................................................8
HOE VERGAREN PSYCHOLOGEN NIEUWE KENNIS?.....................................................................................................................8
KERNCONCEPT 1.2. WETENSCHAPPELIJKE METHODE: SOORTEN ONDERZOEK..............................................................................9
NOG ENKELE BEGRIPPEN...............................................................................................................................................................11
RICHTINGEN IN DE PSYCHOLOGIE..................................................................................................................................................12
OEFENING: KRITISCH KIJKEN NAAR EEN KRANTENARTIKEL......................................................................................................14
WAT MOET JE KENNEN?................................................................................................................................................................14
NEUROPSYCHOLOGIE/ BIOPSYCHOLOGIE............................................................................................................................... 16
WAAROM DIT HOOFDSTUK?..........................................................................................................................................................16
NEUROLOGEN................................................................................................................................................................................16
OLIVER SACKS............................................................................................................................................................................16
DICK SWAAB..............................................................................................................................................................................16
MARC NELISSEN.........................................................................................................................................................................16
MIND-BRAIN THEORY.....................................................................................................................................................................17
INTERNE COMMUNICATIE VAN HET LICHAAM..............................................................................................................................18
HET ZENUWSTELSEL..................................................................................................................................................................18
HET NEURON / DE ZENUWCEL:.............................................................................................................................................18
GLIACELLEN...........................................................................................................................................................................21
PSYCHOACTIEVE MIDDELEN.................................................................................................................................................21
PLASTICITEIT..............................................................................................................................................................................22
ORGANISATIE VAN HET ZENUWSTELSEL...................................................................................................................................22
CENTRALE ZENUWSTELSEL...................................................................................................................................................23
PERIFERE ZENUWSTELSEL.....................................................................................................................................................23
ENDOCRINE STELSEL..................................................................................................................................................................24
HORMONALE FUNCTIES........................................................................................................................................................24
DRIE LAGEN IN DE HERSENEN...................................................................................................................................................25
HERSENSTAM........................................................................................................................................................................25
HET LIMBISCH SYSYTEEM......................................................................................................................................................26
CEREBRALE CORTEX..............................................................................................................................................................27
KWABBEN VAN DE CEREBRALE CORTEX: FRONTAALKWAB.................................................................................................27
KWABBEN VAN DE CEREBRALE CORTEX: PARIËTAALKWABBEN..........................................................................................28
OCCIPITAALKWABBEN..........................................................................................................................................................28
TEMPORAALKWABBEN.........................................................................................................................................................28
DE SAMENWERKENDE HERSNEN..........................................................................................................................................29
CEREBRALE DOMINANTIE.....................................................................................................................................................29
HERSENSTOORNISSEN..........................................................................................................................................................29
MEDISCHE BEELDVORMING.................................................................................................................................................30
SENSATIE EN PERCEPTIE......................................................................................................................................................... 31
HOE VERANDERT STIMULATIE IN SENSATIE?.................................................................................................................................31
TRANSDUCTIE: STIMULATIE IN SENSATIE VERANDEREN..........................................................................................................32
SENSORISCHE ADAPTATIE.........................................................................................................................................................32
DREMPELS: DE GRENZEN VAN SENSATIE..................................................................................................................................32
SIGNAALDETECTIETHEORIE.......................................................................................................................................................33
WAT IS DE RELATIE TUSSEN PERCEPTIE EN SENSATIE...................................................................................................................33
, HET SYSTEEM VAN PERCEPTUELE VERWERKING......................................................................................................................34
PERCEPTUELE AMBIGUÏTEIT EN VERVORMING.........................................................................................................................35
THEORETISCHE VERKLARINGEN VAN PERCEPTIE......................................................................................................................36
DE SOCIALE PERCEPTIE........................................................................................................................................................... 38
DOELEN VAN DIT HOOFDSTUK.......................................................................................................................................................38
LOOKS AREN’T EVERYTHING..........................................................................................................................................................38
WHAT IS THE PRICE OF SUCCES?....................................................................................................................................................38
SOCIALE PERCEPTIE........................................................................................................................................................................38
NON-VERBALE COMMUNICATIE................................................................................................................................................38
GEZICHTSUITDRUKKINGEN VAN EMOTIES...........................................................................................................................39
CULTUUR EN DE VORMEN VAN NONVERBALE COMMUNICATIE.........................................................................................40
NON-VERBALE COMMUNICATIE VIA MEERDERE KANALEN.................................................................................................40
IMPLICIETE PERSOONLIJKHEIDSTHEORIEËN..............................................................................................................................40
CAUSALE ATTRIBUTIE: HET BEANTWOORDEN VAN DE WAAROM-VRAAG...............................................................................41
DE AARD VAN HET ATTRIBUTIEPROCES................................................................................................................................41
HET COVARIATIEMODEL: INTERNE VERSUS EXTERNE ATTRIBUTIE......................................................................................42
DE FUNDAMENTELE ATTRIBUTIEFOUT: DE MENS ALS PERSOONLIJKHEIDSPSYCHOLOOG..................................................44
CULTURELE VERSCHILLEN IN SOCIALE PERCEPTIE................................................................................................................45
CULTUUR EN DE CORRESPONDENCE BIAS............................................................................................................................46
ZELFDIENENDE ATTRIBUTIES................................................................................................................................................46
CULTUUR EN ANDERE ATTRIBUTIEONELE BIASES.....................................................................................................................47
AL WAT WE DELEN.........................................................................................................................................................................47
LEREN.................................................................................................................................................................................... 48
INLEIDING.......................................................................................................................................................................................48
HOE VERKLAART KLASSIEKE CONDITIONERING LEREN?................................................................................................................49
KLASSIEKE CONDITIONERING: VERWERVING............................................................................................................................50
KLASSIEKE CONDITIONERING: EXTINCTIE..................................................................................................................................50
KLASSIEKE CONDITIONERING: SPONTAAN HERSTEL.................................................................................................................50
KLASSIEKE CONDITIONERING: STIMULUSGENERALISATIE........................................................................................................51
KLASSIEKE CONDITIONERING: STIMULUSDISCRIMINATIE.........................................................................................................51
TOEPASSINGEN VAN KLASSIEKE CONDITIONERING..................................................................................................................52
HOE LEREN WE NIEUW GEDRAG DOOR OPERANTE CONDITIONERING?......................................................................................52
THORNDIKE................................................................................................................................................................................54
DE KRACHT VAN BEKRACHTIGING.............................................................................................................................................54
HET PROBLEEM VAN STRAF.......................................................................................................................................................56
HOE OPERANT GEDRAG VERANDEREN.....................................................................................................................................57
VERGELIJKING TUSSEN KLASSIEKE EN OPERANTE CONDITIONERING.......................................................................................58
...................................................................................................................................................................................................58
...................................................................................................................................................................................................58
PSYCHOLOGISCHE KWESTIES.....................................................................................................................................................58
HOE VERKLAART DE COGNITIEVE. PSYCHOLOGIE LEREN?.............................................................................................................58
INZICHTELIJK LEREN/ KÖHLER...................................................................................................................................................58
COGNITIEVE PLATTEGRONDEN: TOLLMAN...............................................................................................................................59
SOCIAAL LEREN: BANDURA.......................................................................................................................................................59
SOCIAAL LEREN: BUDDY PROJECTEN.........................................................................................................................................59
COGNITIEVE VERSIE VAN STIMULUSRESPONS LEREN...............................................................................................................60
...................................................................................................................................................................................................60
ROL VAN DE HERSENEN BIJ LEREN............................................................................................................................................60
HERHALING – EXAMEN PERIODE 1 (NOVEMBER).................................................................................................................... 61
INVALSHOEK VAN DE PSYCHOLOGIE..............................................................................................................................................61
WETENSCHAPPELIJKE CYCLUS........................................................................................................................................................62
(ON)AFHANKELIJKE VARIABELE.................................................................................................................................................63
PERSPECTIEVEN IN DE PSYCHOLOGIE............................................................................................................................................63
RICHTINGEN IN DE PSYCHOLOGIE.............................................................................................................................................63
, BEKRACHTIGERS.............................................................................................................................................................................65
RELATIONEEL LEREN..................................................................................................................................................................65
VOORBEELDEXAMEN............................................................................................................................................................. 65
, INLEIDENDE LES
Wat verwacht je te leren tijdens dit opleidingsonderdeel?
- Ontwikkeling van de mens
- Hoe de mens denkt
- …
PSYCHOLOGIE:
- Wetenschap van gedrag en geestelijke processen
- Breed veld
- Contact met mensen
- Raamwerk voor beter begrip
- Begrijpen maatschappelijke fenomenen
- Behandeling van mensen vanuit een psychologische invalshoek
Bv. angst speelde heel erg tijdens de coronapandemie (mensen moesten thuisblijven, niet werken,
online les, geen normaal leven meer zoals we gewoon waren)
DOELEN:
Psychologische basiskennis bij iedereen op hetzelfde niveau brengen.
- Het bieden van een begrippenkader
- Verbinding maken met vaardigheden zoals observatie, veranderingsprocessen, ..
Psychologische mechanismes zoveel mogelijk verbinden met situaties in het dagelijks leven
- Is niet altijd gemakkelijk
- Is een gezamenlijke oefening
Aandacht voor de psychologische functies : perceptie, ‘waar’nemen, leren, geheugen, denken, emotie,
motivatie,..
- Deze functies bouwen we op en verfijnen we via leerprocessen vanaf onze conceptie
- Deze functies staan niet los van elkaar
- De wisselwerking met anderen
UITGANGSPUNTEN
- Eigen constructie (onze schoen strikken zullen we maar één keer moeten leren)
- Totaalconstructie
- Aanpassing d.m.v leerprocessen
- Werkelijkheid = aanvaarde werkelijkheid
- Hardware zenuwstelsel / hersenen
- Software perceptie (= werkelijkheid bestaat niet – H3), leerprocessen (voortdurend proces – H4),
denkprocessen (hoe denken we? Hoe passen we ons denken aan? – H7), geheugen (informatie- opslag – H6),
emotie motivatie (H9)
EXAMEN
- Eerste examen in november ’21 (50%)
- Examen in januari ’22 (2 onderdelen, elk 50%)
- 2e zit in juni ’22 (100%)
- Multiple choice examen
Drie soorten vragen: psychologische concepten en theorieën / denk-vragen / toepassingsvragen
STUDIEMATERIAAL
- Handboek (psychologie een inleiding / sociale psychologie)
Persoonlijke code = toegang tot lab extra informatie / oefenexamen / zelftests / …
- Canvas
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