Notities welzijn en criminologie + opgeloste veel voorkomende examenvragen
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Course
Welzijn En Criminologie
Institution
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
Notities welzijn en criminologie + opgeloste veel voorkomende examenvragen. Via dit document & het lezen van de teksten, is het zeker haalbaar om te slagen voor dit vak. Succes!
Inleiding welzijnzorg en de verzorgingsstaat als interventiecontext .................. 6
Opbouw van de cursus ............................................................................................................................... 6
Deel 1: de context ....................................................................................................................................... 6
Deel 2: de criminoloog als actor ............................................................................................................. 6
Cursusmateriaal & examen....................................................................................................................... 7
Cursus ............................................................................................................................................................... 7
De verzorgingsstaat .................................................................................................................................... 7
Origines van de verzorgingsstaat ........................................................................................................... 8
De Belgische verzorgingsstaat ................................................................................................................ 8
De welzijnsoverheden in België .............................................................................................................. 8
Federale overheid ......................................................................................................................................... 9
Vlaamse overheid ......................................................................................................................................... 9
Lokale overheid ............................................................................................................................................. 9
Wat is welzijnszorg? .................................................................................................................................. 10
Evolutie van de welzijnszorg .................................................................................................................. 10
Uitdagingen voor welzijn ......................................................................................................................... 10
De wachtlijsten worden steeds langer............................................................................................ 10
Organiseren we de zorg die de cliënt vraagt? ............................................................................. 11
Sterkere positie voor de cliënt .......................................................................................................... 11
Recht op gelijke toegang tot zorg .................................................................................................... 11
Wie organiseert de zorg vandaag en morgen? ........................................................................... 11
Wie betaalt? .............................................................................................................................................. 11
De relatie welzijnswerk-strafrecht als referentiekader voor welzijnsgerichte
interventie ........................................................................................................ 12
Richtvragen ................................................................................................................................................... 12
Casus ............................................................................................................................................................... 12
Welzijn en strafrecht ................................................................................................................................. 13
Klassiek strafrecht: daadgericht ........................................................................................................... 14
Sociaal verweer: dadergericht............................................................................................................... 15
Sociaal verweer in de praktijk ............................................................................................................... 15
Nieuw realisme ............................................................................................................................................ 16
Abolitionisme ................................................................................................................................................ 16
Ruimte voor welzijnsgerichte interventies naast strafrecht ....................................................... 16
Ontwikkelingen binnen welzijnswerk .................................................................................................. 17
1
, Welzijn en criminologie
Consensus ..................................................................................................................................................... 18
Dissensus ....................................................................................................................................................... 18
Dokteren ter disciplinering?.................................................................................................................... 18
Straathoekwerk en deradicalisering .................................................................................................... 19
Armoede en Algemeen Welzijn ......................................................................... 20
Armoede in woord ...................................................................................................................................... 20
Armoede in beeld ....................................................................................................................................... 20
Armoede in cijfers ...................................................................................................................................... 20
Hoe kijken we naar armoede? ............................................................................................................... 21
De grote kloven tussen mensen in armoede en de maatschappij ........................................... 21
Armoedebeleid ............................................................................................................................................. 22
De actieve welvaartstaat ......................................................................................................................... 22
De actieve welvaartstaat kritisch bekeken ....................................................................................... 23
Armoede en sociale zekerheid ............................................................................................................... 23
Waarom neemt armoede niet af? ......................................................................................................... 23
De nieuwe sociale kwestie ...................................................................................................................... 24
Armoede, ongelijkheid en onderwijs ................................................................................................... 24
Armoede en criminaliteit ......................................................................................................................... 25
Armoede en detentie ................................................................................................................................. 25
Armoede leidt tot detentie ...................................................................................................................... 26
Detentie leidt tot armoede ...................................................................................................................... 26
Conclusie: sociale aansluiting ................................................................................................................ 26
Sociale kaart: werkvelden OCMW & CAW – Bedenkingen bij onwelzijn ............ 27
De sociale kaart .......................................................................................................................................... 27
De sociale kaart als constructie ............................................................................................................ 27
Indeling interventies ................................................................................................................................. 28
Horizontale indeling ................................................................................................................................... 29
Verticale indeling ........................................................................................................................................ 29
Concrete voorbeelden (fiches via www.desocialekaart.be)........................................................ 30
Algemeen welzijnswerk ............................................................................................................................ 30
Het OCMW ..................................................................................................................................................... 30
CAW ................................................................................................................................................................. 31
Uitdagingen voor het algemeen welzijnswerk ................................................................................. 32
Bedenkingen bij (on)welzijn ................................................................................................................... 32
Observeren, interpreteren, diagnosticeren en rapporteren – Begrijpen en
ingrijpen ........................................................................................................... 34
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, Welzijn en criminologie
Observeren ................................................................................................................................................... 34
Observeren = kiezen ................................................................................................................................. 34
Observaties ‘vertalen’ = interpreteren ............................................................................................... 34
Taal hanteren = macht ............................................................................................................................ 34
Foutenbronnen bij interpretaties .......................................................................................................... 35
Diagnose ........................................................................................................................................................ 35
Rapportage.................................................................................................................................................... 35
Rapportage = constructie van verhalen ............................................................................................ 35
Rapportage = storytelling ....................................................................................................................... 36
Rapportage = een lezing van de sociale werkelijkheid ................................................................ 36
Deontologie van rapportage ................................................................................................................... 36
Methodologie rapportage ......................................................................................................................... 36
Oefening 1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 37
Oefening 2 ..................................................................................................................................................... 37
Illustratie: PSD-verslag ............................................................................................................................ 38
Bespreking casus ........................................................................................................................................ 40
Begrijpen en ingrijpen .............................................................................................................................. 40
Luisteren is vaak op zich al zeer effectief ......................................................................................... 41
Basiscommunicatie ........................................................................................... 42
Actief luisteren ............................................................................................................................................. 42
Actief luisteren: waarom? ....................................................................................................................... 42
Actief luisteren: basis ............................................................................................................................... 42
Actief luisteren: concreet ........................................................................................................................ 43
Aandacht in het hier-en-nu .................................................................................................................... 44
Non-verbaal luisteren ............................................................................................................................... 44
Parafraseren ................................................................................................................................................. 44
Herformuleer de uitspraken van O aan de hand van een meer gepaste parafrase
(examenvraag) ............................................................................................................................................ 45
Krachtige vragen ........................................................................................................................................ 46
Actief luisteren is moeilijk ....................................................................................................................... 47
Communicatieaxioma’s ............................................................................................................................ 47
Communicatieaxioma 1 ............................................................................................................................ 47
Communicatieaxioma 2 ............................................................................................................................ 48
Communicatieaxioma 3 ............................................................................................................................ 48
Communicatieaxioma 4 ............................................................................................................................ 49
Communicatieaxioma’s in de praktijk................................................................................................. 49
3
, Welzijn en criminologie
Hulp/hoopverlening ......................................................................................... 50
Trajecten van hoopverlening ................................................................................................................. 50
Beroepsgeheim (gastcollege Sofie Van den Bussche) ....................................... 51
Basisartikel: 458 Strafwetboek ............................................................................................................. 51
Wie heeft beroepsgeheim? ..................................................................................................................... 51
Staat of beroep ........................................................................................................................................... 51
Wat is geheim? ............................................................................................................................................ 52
Toevertrouwen............................................................................................................................................. 52
Beroepsgeheim beschermt een dubbel belang ............................................................................... 52
Bekendmaken .............................................................................................................................................. 52
Uitzonderingen voorzien in basisartikel ............................................................................................. 52
Sanctie bij schending ................................................................................................................................ 53
Uitzonderingen ............................................................................................................................................ 53
Meldingsrecht op basis van artikel 458bis SW ................................................................................ 53
Voorwaarden meldingsrecht ................................................................................................................... 53
Artikel 458ter SW (sinds 2017 – aanslagen Zaventem) ............................................................. 54
458ter SW ..................................................................................................................................................... 54
Voorwaarden ................................................................................................................................................ 54
Artikel 422bis SW ‘schuldig verzuim’ .................................................................................................. 55
Voorwaarden ................................................................................................................................................ 55
Gedeeld en gezamenlijk beroepsgeheim ........................................................................................... 55
Art. 75 decreet Integrale Jeudghulp ................................................................................................... 56
Onderscheid beroepsgeheim-ambtsgeheim ..................................................................................... 56
Uitdagingen voor de toekomst .............................................................................................................. 56
De kern van beroepsgeheim is vertrouwen ...................................................................................... 57
Omgaan met specifieke situaties: hulpverlening onder druk ............................ 58
Wat is de forensische setting? ............................................................................................................... 58
Hulpverlening onder druk ........................................................................................................................ 58
Triade .............................................................................................................................................................. 58
Vrijwilligheid en dwang ............................................................................................................................ 58
Discussie macht en gezag ....................................................................................................................... 59
Discussie: fase 1: instrumenteel .......................................................................................................... 59
Discussie: fase 2: fundamenteel .......................................................................................................... 59
Discussie: poging tot organisatorische oplossing .......................................................................... 59
Vrijwilligheid en dwang ............................................................................................................................ 60
Vrijwilligheid en dwang: nieuwe kijk .................................................................................................. 60
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