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Samenvatting lessen criminologische psychologie
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Samenvattende lesnotities van criminologische psychologie. Via deze samenvatting haalde ik 15/20. Dit bevat alle te kennen leerstof voor het examen. Succes!
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INLEIDINGExamen: Open boek-examen op 16 punten bestaande uit toepassingsvragen, 4 resterende
punten op opdracht (oplossen van een casus in groep). Je moet theorie kunnen opzoeken
(deel 1) en toepassen (deel 2), de risicotaxatie bespreken (deel 3) en verslaggeving correct
toepassen (deel 4).
Inhoud
LES 1: CRIMINOLOGISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE EN ONTWIKKELING VAN ANTISOCIAAL GEDRAG . 6
1. Forensische psychologie: een introductie .............................................................................. 6
1.1. Forensische psychologie ≠ ................................................................................................... 6
1.2. Forensische psychologie = ................................................................................................... 6
1.3. Psychologie en recht ............................................................................................................ 7
1.4. Forensische psychologie in beweging .................................................................................. 8
2. De ontwikkeling van antisociaal gedrag .................................................................................. 9
2.1. De aard en het voorkomen van jeugddelinquentie ............................................................... 9
2.2. De psychiatrische visie ......................................................................................................... 9
2.3. Kwetsbaarheden ................................................................................................................. 10
2.4. Theorieën en ontwikkeling antisociaal gedrag.................................................................... 11
2.5. Ontwikkelingstheorieën ................................................................................................... 11
2.6. Protectieve factoren ........................................................................................................ 16
LES 2: PSYCHOPATHIE ....................................................................................................................... 17
1. Psychopathie: een omkadering .............................................................................................. 17
1.1. Psychopathie vanuit een geschiedkundig kader ............................................................ 17
1.2. Prevalentie van psychopathie ......................................................................................... 20
1.3. Relevantie voor forensisch werk ......................................................................................... 21
2. De meting van psychopathie ................................................................................................... 21
2.1. De psychopathy checklist-revised. ................................................................................. 21
2.2. Alternatieve meetinstrumenten om psychopathische trekken te meten ............................. 23
3. De ontwikkeling van psychopathie. ........................................................................................ 23
3.1. Psychopathie bij minderjarigen ............................................................................................... 23
3.2. Risicofactoren ................................................................................................................. 25
4. De therapeutische en juridische implicaties ......................................................................... 28
4.1. Klinisch pessimisme ........................................................................................................... 28
4.2. Klinisch optimisme .............................................................................................................. 28
4.2. Juridisch pessimisme .......................................................................................................... 28
LES 3 & 4: ZEDENDELINQUENTIE ...................................................................................................... 29
1. Definities & prevalentie ............................................................................................................ 29
1.1. Definiëring ........................................................................................................................... 29
1.2. Prevalentie ...................................................................................................................... 32
1.3. Verkrachting .................................................................................................................... 34
2. Ontwikkeling van seksueel delinquent gedrag ..................................................................... 34
2.1. Invalshoeken ....................................................................................................................... 34
1
, 2.2. Finkelhor’s precondition model (multifactorieel) ................................................................. 35
2.3. Ontwikkelingspaden: Hudson et al. .................................................................................... 35
2.4. ITSO-Model ........................................................................................................................ 36
2.5. Cognitieve distorties ....................................................................................................... 37
2.6. Zelfregulatiemodel .............................................................................................................. 41
3. Typologieën ............................................................................................................................... 42
3.1. MTC: M3 typologie .............................................................................................................. 42
3.2. Typologie van Groth ........................................................................................................... 43
3.3. MTC: R3 typologie .......................................................................................................... 44
4. Recidive ..................................................................................................................................... 45
4.1. Prevalentie: internationaal en België ..................................................................................... 45
4.2. Risicofactoren: statisch en dynamisch ........................................................................... 46
LES 5: PARTNERGEWELD .................................................................................................................. 46
1. Definiëring en prevalentie ........................................................................................................ 47
1.1. Definiëring partnergeweld ................................................................................................... 47
1.2. Geweldsvormen .................................................................................................................. 47
1.3. Partnergeweld in cijfers ............................................................................................... 48
1.4. Gevolgen van partnergeweld .......................................................................................... 49
2. Typologie partnergeweld ......................................................................................................... 49
2.1. Typologie partnergeweldenaars ......................................................................................... 49
2.2. Typologie partnergeweld ................................................................................................ 50
2.3. Typologie dynamiek ........................................................................................................ 51
3. Partnergeweld: een complex gegeven ....................................................................................... 51
3.1. Cyclisch verloop PG ....................................................................................................... 51
3.2. Risicofactoren ................................................................................................................. 53
3.3. Partnergeweld als dyadisch proces .................................................................................... 53
3.4. Genest ecologisch model ................................................................................................... 53
3.5. Doorbreken van cyclisch verloop ........................................................................................ 54
LES 6: STALKING ................................................................................................................................. 55
1. Stalking: definiëring en prevalentie ........................................................................................ 55
1.1. Stalking: de juridische visie ............................................................................................ 55
1.2. Stalking: de psychosociale visie ..................................................................................... 56
1.3. Stalkingsgedrag .................................................................................................................. 56
1.4. Het slachtoffer ..................................................................................................................... 57
1.5. Prevalentie ...................................................................................................................... 59
2. Een typologie voor stalkers ..................................................................................................... 59
2.1. De typologie van Mullen ................................................................................................. 59
2.2. Casus Gerald ...................................................................................................................... 60
2
, 2.3. Casus Albert ................................................................................................................... 61
2.4. Casus Susan .................................................................................................................. 61
2.5. Casus Dennis ................................................................................................................. 61
2.6. Casus Alan ..................................................................................................................... 62
3. Theoretische modellen: geweld en persistentie ................................................................... 62
3.1. Integrated theoretical model of stalking violence ........................................................... 62
3.2. Relational goal pursuit theory ......................................................................................... 63
3.3. Controle en macht .......................................................................................................... 64
4. Risico’s, risicofactoren en risicotaxatie ................................................................................. 64
4.1. Stalking risk profile .............................................................................................................. 64
4.2. Stalking assesment management (SAM) ........................................................................... 65
LES 8: RISICOTAXATIE EN RISICOMANAGEMENT .......................................................................... 65
1. Risicotaxatie .............................................................................................................................. 65
1.1. Risicotaxatie, een noodzaak? ......................................................................................... 65
1.2. Waarom doen we risicotaxaties? .................................................................................... 66
2. Risicotaxatie: wat? ................................................................................................................... 67
2.1. Risicotaxatie: wat en waarom? ............................................................................................... 67
2.2. Drie benaderingen .............................................................................................................. 67
2.3. Ongestructureerd klinisch oordeel ...................................................................................... 68
2.4. Actuariële risicotaxatie ........................................................................................................ 68
2.5. Gestructureerd klinisch oordeel .......................................................................................... 69
2.6. De statistiek ........................................................................................................................ 70
2.7. Wat loopt er mis in de praktijk? .......................................................................................... 71
2.8. Risicofactoren ..................................................................................................................... 71
2.9. Een overzicht ...................................................................................................................... 72
3. Een toepassing ......................................................................................................................... 72
3.1. HCR-20 V3 .............................................................................................................................. 72
3.2. Casus Paul – item H1: geweld ................................................................................................ 73
3.2. Casus Paul – item H10: respons op behandeling/ toezicht ................................................... 73
3.2. Casus Paul – item C4: instabiliteit .......................................................................................... 73
4. Risicomanagement ................................................................................................................... 74
4.1. Eerste effectstudies ............................................................................................................ 74
4.2. Risk-need-responsivity-model ............................................................................................ 74
4.2.4. Good Lives Model (GLM; Laws & Ward, 2011) .............................................................. 76
LES 8: DE (SEKSUELE) MOORDENAAR ............................................................................................ 77
1. Moord: een omkadering ........................................................................................................... 77
1.1. Diverse vormen ................................................................................................................... 77
1.2. Moord: een definitie ............................................................................................................ 78
1.3. Moord: prevalentie .............................................................................................................. 79
2. Moorden op groepsniveau ....................................................................................................... 79
2.1. Genocide ............................................................................................................................ 79
3
, 2.2. Massamoord ....................................................................................................................... 81
2.3. Groep: samengevat ............................................................................................................ 82
3. Moorden op individueel niveau ............................................................................................... 82
3.1. Individu: (zelf)moord ........................................................................................................... 82
3.2. Diverse onderliggende problemen ...................................................................................... 82
3.3. De seksuele moord ............................................................................................................. 83
LES 9: KWETSBARE VERDACHTEN .................................................................................................. 87
1. Valse bekentenissen en kwetsbaarheden .............................................................................. 87
1.1. Het politieverhoor ................................................................................................................ 87
1.2. De valse bekentenis ........................................................................................................... 88
1.3. De aard van valse bekentenissen ...................................................................................... 88
1.4. De kwetsbaarheid van de ondervraagde ............................................................................ 89
2. Meegaandheid en suggestibiliteit ........................................................................................... 91
2.4. Compliance ......................................................................................................................... 91
2.5. Suggestibiliteit ..................................................................................................................... 91
2.6. In de praktijk ....................................................................................................................... 93
3. Psychische kwetsbaarheden: een illustratie ......................................................................... 93
3.1. Intoxicatie ................................................................................................................................ 93
3.4. Intellectuele beperkingen .................................................................................................... 94
LES 10: HET GEHEUGEN VAN GETUIGEN ........................................................................................ 95
1. Het belang van het geheugen in de rechtbank ...................................................................... 95
1.1. Gerechtelijke dwalingen: identificatie ................................................................................. 95
1.2. Waarom herkennen we?..................................................................................................... 95
1.3. Wat herkennen we? ............................................................................................................ 96
2. Het geheugen: een betrouwbare videorecorder? ................................................................. 96
2.1. Perceptie ............................................................................................................................. 96
2.2. Retentie............................................................................................................................... 98
2.3. Reproductie ........................................................................................................................ 98
2.4. Additionele, situationele factoren ........................................................................................ 99
3. Herkenning in de verhoorkamer ............................................................................................. 99
3.1. Composities ........................................................................................................................ 99
3.2. Mug shots ........................................................................................................................... 99
3.3. Line-up .............................................................................................................................. 100
LES 11: MENTALE STOORNISSEN EN CRIMINALITEIT ................................................................. 101
1. Prevalentie mentale stoornissen .......................................................................................... 101
1.1. Prevalentie gedetineerdenpopulatie ................................................................................. 101
1.2. Prevalentie probatie-steekproef ........................................................................................ 102
1.3. Prevalentie forensische psychiatrie .................................................................................. 102
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