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NURS 355 Final Exam / NURS355 Exam final solution guide_Answered.
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NURS 355 Final Exam Answered.A nurse is assessing a set of 15-year-old identical twins who respond very differently to
stress. One twin becomes anxious and irritable, and the other withdraws and cries. How
should the nurse explain these different stress responses to the parents
a.
Reactions to stress are relative rather than absolute; individual responses to stress
vary.
b.
It is abnormal for identical twins to react differently to similar stressors.
c.
Identical twins should share the same temperament and respond similarly to stress.
d.
Environmental influences to stress weigh more heavily than genetic influences. - a.
Reactions to stress are relative rather than absolute; individual responses to stress vary
The nurse should explain to the parents that, although the twins have identical DNA,
there are several other factors that affect reactions to stress. Mental health is a state of
being that is relative to the individual client. Environmental influences and temperament
can affect stress reactions.
A fourth-grade boy teases and makes jokes about a cute girl in his class. This behavior
should be identified by a nurse as indicative of which defense mechanism?
a.
Displacement
b.
Projection
c.
Reaction formation
d.
Sublimation - c.
Reaction formation
The nurse should identify that the boy is using reaction formation as a defense
mechanism. Reaction formation is the attempt to prevent undesirable thoughts from
being expressed by expressing opposite thoughts or behaviors. Displacement refers to
transferring feelings from one target to another. Rationalization refers to making
excuses to justify behavior. Projection refers to the attribution of unacceptable feelings
or behaviors to another person. Sublimation refers to channeling unacceptable drives or
impulses into more constructive, acceptable activities.
Which nursing statement about the concept of neurosis is most accurate?
,a.
An individual experiencing neurosis is unaware that he or she is experiencing distress.
b.
An individual experiencing neurosis feels helpless to change his or her situation.
c.
An individual neurosis is aware of psychological causes of his or her behavior.
d.
An individual experiencing neurosis has a loss of contact with reality. - b.
An individual experiencing neurosis feels helpless to change his or her situation.
The nurse should define the concept of neurosis with the following characteristics: The
client feels helpless to change his or her situation, the client is aware that he or she is
experiencing distress, the client is aware the behaviors are maladaptive, the client is
unaware of the psychological causes of the distress, and the client experiences no loss
of contact with reality.
How would a nurse best complete the new DSM-5 definition of a mental disorder? "A
health condition characterized by significant dysfunction in an individual's cognitions, or
behaviors that reflects a disturbance in the:
a.
psychosoical, biological, or developmental process underlying mental functioning."
b.
psychological, cognitive, or developmental process underlying mental functioning."
c.
psychological, biological, or developmental process underlying mental functioning."
d.
psychological, biological, or psychosocial process underlying mental functioning." - c.
psychological, biological, or developmental process underlying mental functioning."
"A health condition characterized by significant dysfunction in an individual's cognitions,
or behaviors that reflects a disturbance in the psychological, biological, or
developmental process underlying mental functioning", is the new DSM-5 definition of a
mental disorder.
A 9-month-old child screams every time his mother leaves and will not tolerate anyone
else changing his diaper. The nurse should determine that, according to Mahler's
developmental theory, this child's development was arrested at which phase?
a.
The autistic phase
b.
The symbiotic phase
c.
The separation-individuation phase
d.
,The rapprochement phase - b.
The symbiotic phase
The nurse should understand that this client's development was halted in the symbiotic
phase of Mahler's developmental theory, which usually occurs between 1 and 5 months
of age. The child has not entered into the separation-individuation phase of
development, in which a child establishes the understanding of being separate from the
mother.
When assessing clients, a psychiatric nurse should understand that psychoanalytic
theory is based on which underlying concept?
a.
A possible genetic basis for the client's problems
b.
The structure and dynamics of the personality
c.
Behavioral responses to stressors
d.
Maladaptive cognitions - b.
The structure and dynamics of the personality
The nurse should understand that psychoanalytic theory is based on the underlying
concepts of the structure and dynamics of personality. Psychoanalytic theory was
developed by Sigmund Freud and explains the structure of personality in three different
components: the id, the ego, and the superego.
Which underlying concept should a nurse associate with interpersonal theory when
assessing a client?
a.
The effects of social processes on personality development
b.
The effects of unconscious processes and personality structures
c.
The effects on thoughts and perceptual processes
d.
The effects of chemical and genetic influences - a.
The effects of social processes on personality development
The nurse should associate interpersonal theory with the underlying concept of effects
of social process on personality development. Sullivan developed stages of personality
development based on his theory of interpersonal relationships and their effect on
personality and individual behavior.
, A father of a 5-year-old demeans and curses his child for disobedience. In turn, when
upset, the child uses swear words at kindergarten. A school nurse recognizes this
behavior as unsuccessful completion of which stage of development, according to
Peplau?
a.
Learning to count on others
b.
Learning to delay satisfaction
c.
Identifying oneself
d.
Developing skills in participation - c.
Identifying oneself
The nurse should identify that the child using swear words in kindergarten has not
successfully completed the identifying oneself stage, according to Peplau's
interpersonal theory. During this stage of early childhood, a child learns to structure self-
concept by observing how other interact with him or her.
A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client who is quarrelsome, opinionated, and has little
regard for others. According to Sullivan's interpersonal theory, the nurse should
associate the client's behaviors with a pervious deficit in which stage of development?
a.
Infancy
b.
Childhood
c.
Early adolescence
d.
Late adolescence - b.
Childhood
The nurse should associate the client's behavior with a deficit in the childhood stage of
Sullivan's interpersonal theory. The childhood stage in Sullivan's interpersonal theory
typically occurs from 18 months to 6 years of age, during which the child learns to
experience a delay in personal gratification without undue anxiety.
A depressed client states, "I have a chemical imbalance in my brain. I have no control
over my behavior. Medications are my only hope to feel normal again." Which nursing
response is appropriate?
a.
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