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Complete samenvatting vak Circulatie/Respiratie Diergeneeskunde jaar 21/22
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Samenvatting bevat hoorcollege's, werkcollege's en practica
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By: laurabokma96 • 2 year ago
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Samenvatting Circulatie & RespiratieInhoudsopgave
HC 1: Introductie .............................................................................................................................................................. 4
HC 2 en 3: Ventilatie......................................................................................................................................................... 4
PR 1: Pathologie ............................................................................................................................................................. 10
PR 1: Anatomie .............................................................................................................................................................. 11
Kennisclip mechanica van de ademhaling ...................................................................................................................... 19
WC 1: Longmechanica, ventilatie & dyspneu.................................................................................................................. 21
Zelfstudie ........................................................................................................................................................................... 21
Partiële drukken............................................................................................................................................................ 21
Druk en volume van een gas; de ideale gaswet en Boyle’s law .................................................................................... 21
Compliantie C, elasticiteit E en drukken in de long ...................................................................................................... 22
Opdrachten ........................................................................................................................................................................ 22
WC 2: Ventilatie en perfusie van alveoli en diffusie van O2/CO2 ................................................................................... 25
CO2-uitwisseling in de longen............................................................................................................................................ 25
O2-uitwisseling in de longen.............................................................................................................................................. 26
HC 4: Anatomie en embryologie van het respiratieapparaat .......................................................................................... 28
HC 5: Anatomie en embryologie van het circulatieapparaat .......................................................................................... 32
Module circulatiestelsel ................................................................................................................................................. 36
HC 6: Regulatie bloeddruk en vaatbed ........................................................................................................................... 40
WC 3: Fysiologie van het vaatbed .................................................................................................................................. 43
HC 7: Mechanische hartcyclus de PV-lus ........................................................................................................................ 45
HC 8: Electrical activity of the heart & ECG ..................................................................................................................... 47
WC 4: Mechanische hartcyclus: de PV-lus ...................................................................................................................... 50
Inleiding op PV-lus ............................................................................................................................................................. 50
Zelfstudie ........................................................................................................................................................................... 51
HC 9: Pathologie respiratie ............................................................................................................................................. 55
HC 10: Pathologie circulatie ........................................................................................................................................... 59
WC 5: Reactiepatronen respiratie .................................................................................................................................. 61
Longgeluiden ..................................................................................................................................................................... 63
WC 6: Reactiepatronen circulatie ................................................................................................................................... 64
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, Hartgeluiden ...................................................................................................................................................................... 65
HC 11: Farmacologische beïnvloeding van het cardiovasculaire systeem (en het respiratieapparaat) ............................ 67
Farmacologie CiRe.......................................................................................................................................................... 70
Cardiovasculair systeem .................................................................................................................................................... 70
Farmaca met inotrope en/of chronotrope werking: .................................................................................................... 70
Beïnvloeding van de prikkelgeleiding en hartritme ...................................................................................................... 72
Beïnvloeding van bloedvaten en circulerend volume .................................................................................................. 74
Middelen die vasodilatatie bewerkstelligen: ................................................................................................................ 74
Middelen die hemostase en trombose beïnvloeden .................................................................................................... 74
Respiratoir systeem ........................................................................................................................................................... 75
Bronchodilatatie ........................................................................................................................................................... 75
Afvoer van mucus ......................................................................................................................................................... 76
Onderdrukken van hoestreflex ..................................................................................................................................... 76
Controleren van inflammatie en modulatie van immuunsysteem ............................................................................... 76
Decongestie .................................................................................................................................................................. 77
Verlagen pulmonaire hypertensie ................................................................................................................................ 77
Stimuleren perifere chemoreceptoren en het ademhalingscentrum .......................................................................... 77
Suppletie d.m.v. exogeen surfactant ............................................................................................................................ 77
WC 7: Farmacologische beïnvloeding CiRe ..................................................................................................................... 78
HC 13: Infectieuze en respiratoire aandoeningen ........................................................................................................... 82
PR 4: Klinische diagnostiek paard ................................................................................................................................... 85
Respiratie ........................................................................................................................................................................... 85
Circulatie ............................................................................................................................................................................ 86
PR 6: Klinische diagnostiek rund .................................................................................................................................... 87
Respiratieapparaat ............................................................................................................................................................ 87
Onderzoek van de neus en de sinussen ........................................................................................................................ 87
Thorax ........................................................................................................................................................................... 87
Larynx en trachea ......................................................................................................................................................... 87
Circulatieapparaat ............................................................................................................................................................. 88
Veneuze systeem .......................................................................................................................................................... 88
Het hart ......................................................................................................................................................................... 88
PR 5: Klinische diagnostiek konijn .................................................................................................................................. 89
Circulatieapparaat ............................................................................................................................................................. 89
Respiratieapparaat ............................................................................................................................................................ 89
WC 8: Elektrische hartcyclus en hartritmestoornissen ................................................................................................... 91
E-module hartritmestoornissen; aritmieën .................................................................................................................... 94
Aritmogenese (oorzaken van aritmieën) ........................................................................................................................... 94
Aritmieën ........................................................................................................................................................................... 95
E-module ECG ................................................................................................................................................................ 99
HC 12: ECG’s en aritmieën ............................................................................................................................................ 100
WC 9: Aangeboren hartafwijkingen ............................................................................................................................. 101
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,WC 10: Verkregen respiratoire en circulaire aandoeningen ......................................................................................... 105
WC 11: Respiratoire problemen in koppels .................................................................................................................. 109
IBR bij het rund ................................................................................................................................................................ 109
Pinkengriep; Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) ................................................................................................... 109
Zwoegerziekte (Maedi Visna (MV)) (schaap) en caprine artritis encefalitis (CAE) (geit) ................................................. 110
Parasitaire infecties van de luchtwegen ....................................................................................................................... 111
Dictyocaulus viviparus ..................................................................................................................................................... 111
Metastronghylus elongatus (=M. apri) ............................................................................................................................ 111
Syngamus trachea ........................................................................................................................................................... 112
Angiostrongylus vasorum ................................................................................................................................................ 112
Elaphostrongylus cervi ..................................................................................................................................................... 112
Baermann-methode......................................................................................................................................................... 112
WC 12: Virale respiratoire aandoeningen: Herpesvirussen........................................................................................... 115
IBR; infectieuze bovine rhinotracheïtis (bovine herpesvirus) ........................................................................................... 115
EHV; equine herpesvirus paard; Rhinopneumonie .......................................................................................................... 115
Niesziekte bij kat; FHV en FCV ......................................................................................................................................... 116
WC 13: Bacteriële respiratoire aandoeningen .............................................................................................................. 116
Mycoplasma .................................................................................................................................................................... 116
Voorste luchtweginfecties ............................................................................................................................................... 117
Diepere luchtwegen ......................................................................................................................................................... 118
WC 14: Respiratoire zoönotische aandoeningen .......................................................................................................... 119
Influenza .......................................................................................................................................................................... 119
3
, HC 1: Introductie
Respiratoire sinusaritmie: dan kan er nog geen
sprake zijn van congestief linker hartfalen. Dat wil
niet zeggen dat bij het afwezig zijn van RSA
automatisch sprake is van hartfalen.
- N. vagus is verantwoordelijk voor RSA
- Hartfrequentie gaat omhoog bij inademing
en omlaag bij uitademing:
- Bij inademing daalt de bloeddruk in de
longen en om dat te compenseren stijgt de
hartfrequentie
Ductus arteriosus: tussen aortaboog en ductus pulmonalis.
- Persisterende ductus arteriosus: kan links-rechts shuntende en rechts-links shuntende
HC 2 en 3: Ventilatie
Linker-ventrikel: hogedruk pomp pompt het de circulatie in
Convectie: vervoeren van lucht of bloed z.s.m. over grote
afstanden
Diffusie: wat er lokaal op de grensvlakken gebeurt; zuurstof uit de
alveolen naar de rode bloedcellen. In weefsels: O2 uit ery’s naar
weefsels. Niet supersnel
- Wat is ervoor nodig? Drukverschillen
Alveolaire druk schommelt rond de 0
Viscerale blad is deel van de longen zelf.
Parietale blad zit vast aan de ribwand
Deze twee bladen zitten aan elkaar vast d.m.v. vloeistof:
intrapleurale vloeistof.
Elastische weefsel van longen staat altijd onder spanning: de
ribwand heeft meer uitgerekt tijdens de embryologie dan dat ze
zouden willen. Er zijn dus twee krachten die elkaar in evenwicht houden:
Druk in pleura: eigenlijk altijd negatief (Pip) kan ook PL – presure intrapleuraal
Aan het eind van expiratie, wil long eigenlijk nog meer naar binnen toe. De druk in de pleura is aan
het eind van de uitademing dus ook nog negatief.
Klaplong: open verbinding; pleura laten elkaar los; long klapt ineen; P=Patm
Ribben gaan ook meer naar buiten staan (dus horizontaal). CO2 hoopt zich op en er vindt geen O2
uitwisseling plaats.
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