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Hoofdstuk 9 samenvatting (college+boek)(Molecular Biology of the Cell)
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Universiteit Utrecht (UU)
Moleculaire Levenswetenschappen
Cellen En Weefsels
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HC5
E. coli (bacteria) ~4x106 nucleotide pairs
Homo sapiens ~3x109 nucleotide pairs
Mutation rate = 1 nucleotide substitution per 1010 per cell generation
Humans = 100 germ line cell divisions from conception to next germ cell
~70 new mutations in each offspring
Mutation rate limits genome size and the number of essential genes!
DNA-polymerase:
- katalyseert de reactie van het aanbouwen van nucleotiden
- controleert ook de base-paring -> als fout, zorgt DNA-polymerase dat de nucleotide
wordt ontkoppeld
Two modes (and two catalytic sites) of DNA-polymerase:
- polymerisation
- editing
-> de energetisch gunstige bindingen tussen nucleotiden en de editing functie van DNA-
polymerase zorgen voor hoge precisie bij polymerisatie
primase: zorgt voor initiatie van polymeriseren
- is een RNA polymerase en maakt een RNA primer
- een RNA primer zodat herkent kan worden dat het gaat om RNA en dus nog een
vervangende DNA streng moet krijgen
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