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samenvatting plantkunde morfologie

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samenvatting plantkunde morfologie

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  • March 9, 2022
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  • 2021/2022
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Samenvatting plantkunde - morfologie


Toegepaste plantkunde (Hogeschool Gent)




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D eel 1: Morfologie
‘morphos’ = vorm  vormleer

Organografie: bestudeert/beschrijft de uitwendige bouw van organisme



Vegetatieve organen: Generatieve organen:
Wortel
Stengel Bloem
blad Vrucht
zaad




1. De wortel
1.1 Definitie wortel
 Niet geleed, geen knopen
 Geen stengel of bladeren
 Bevat geen chlorofyl (zorgt voor suiker in fotosynthese) ( uitzonderingen)
 Niet groen
1.2 Functies wortel
 Hecht de plant in de bodem
 Neemt water uit de bodem met daarin de opgeloste stoffen
 Transport van plantensap
 De wortel ademt, vandaar de noodzaak dat de grond luchtig is (ademwortels)
 Als opslagplaats voor reservevoedsel
 Vermenigvuldiging
1.3 Bouw wortel

1) volwassen wortel
2) Celdifferentiatiezone
3) Celstrekkingszone 1
4) Celdelingszone
5) Wortelharen: naar de top toe steeds nieuwe
wortelharen, oude verschrompelen en sterven
af
6) Centrale cilinder 5
2
7) Schors
6
8) Epidermis
9) Initiale cellen - groeipunt: cellen die blijven delen 7
10) Wortelmutsje: beschermt de initiale cellen 8

3

4
10
9




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1.4 Types
 Primaire wortelstelsels:
o Kiemwortel = Radicula, Primaire wortel aanwezig in het embryo. Bij vele
planten blijft die na het uitgroeien de belangrijkste wortel  Hoofdwortel
 Secundaire wortelstelsels:
o Zijwortels
o Bijwortel (=adventiefwortel):
 ontstaat indien oorspronkelijke hoofdwortel verdwijnt of de
andere wortels evenwaardig uitgroeien
 vegetatieve vermenigvuldiging
 alle wortels die geen hoofd- of zijwortels zijn





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