Inhoud
College 1 ALLEMAAL BELANGRIJK TENTAMEN!......................................................................................4
Robert Plomin:....................................................................................................................................4
Rijping.................................................................................................................................................5
De psychoanalystische stroming.........................................................................................................5
Psychoseksuele ontwikkeling (psychodynamisch)..............................................................................5
Freuds fasen model............................................................................................................................5
Ontwikkelingsstadia Erik Erikson........................................................................................................6
De cognitivistische stroming...............................................................................................................6
Vier stadia van cognitieve ontwikkeling:............................................................................................6
Vygotsky’s visie op de cognitieve ontwikkeling..................................................................................8
De Leertheoretische stroming............................................................................................................8
Klassieke conditionering (leertheorie)................................................................................................8
Sociale leertheorie (Leertheorie)........................................................................................................9
Neurologische rijping en motorische ontwikkeling;..........................................................................11
Plasticiteit.........................................................................................................................................12
Dyspraxie..........................................................................................................................................13
Hechtingsrelatie en hechtingsgedrag...............................................................................................13
Micro niveau van hechting...............................................................................................................14
Signalen van hechtingsproblemen;...................................................................................................15
Ontwikkelingsstadia Erik Erikson......................................................................................................16
College 3...............................................................................................................................................18
Taalbegrip en taalproductie..............................................................................................................18
Voortalige fase 0-12 maanden..........................................................................................................18
Vroegtalige fase 12-30 maanden......................................................................................................19
Differentiefase 2.5 tot 5 jaar.............................................................................................................19
Voltooiingsfase 5-10 jaar..................................................................................................................19
Spreeknormen volgens Gooihuis Brouwer 1985-1995.....................................................................20
Taalontwikkeling in de hersenen......................................................................................................20
Taalontwikkeling Dyslexie.................................................................................................................21
Meervoudige intelligentie Gardner..................................................................................................22
The Bell curve...................................................................................................................................22
Cognitief functioneren versus rijping................................................................................................23
College 4...............................................................................................................................................23
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Fysiologische veranderingen in de hersenen....................................................................................23
Seksuele ontwikkeling......................................................................................................................24
Ontwikkeling in Genderrollen (huidige inzichten)............................................................................24
Identiteitsontwikkeling.....................................................................................................................25
Identiteitsontwikkeling.....................................................................................................................25
Ideeën over de fasen in identiteit.....................................................................................................26
Identiteitsontwikkeling.....................................................................................................................27
Visies op identiteitsontwikkeling......................................................................................................27
Egostadia van Loevinger...................................................................................................................28
College 5...............................................................................................................................................28
Ontwikkelingstaken..........................................................................................................................28
Theorie van Murstein.......................................................................................................................29
Newberger........................................................................................................................................29
Factoren die kwaliteit van ouderschap bepalen...............................................................................30
7 Generativiteit vs stagnatie (40-65 jr).............................................................................................30
Theorie van Levingson......................................................................................................................30
Ontwikkelingsopdrachten in de ouderdom (66-..)............................................................................32
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Ontwikkelingspsychologie
College 1 ALLEMAAL BELANGRIJK TENTAMEN!
De vormende invloed van de omgeving
Self-fullfilling prophecies; Het pygmalion Effect
Welke omgeving? School, in gezin, in hele maatschappij
Lukraak worden kinderen aangewezen als “regular” of “bloomer”
Door gedrag van onderwijzer (aandacht, manier van feedback geven etc.) gaan kinderen beter
presteren (Rosenthal & Jocobson, 1968)
De vormende invloed van erfelijkheid
Robert Plomin:
Interactie tussen genotype en fenotype (omgeving)
• Reactieve interactie: genotypische persoonlijkheid stuurt interpretatie van en reactie op
omgeving
• Evocatieve interactie: genotypische persoonlijkheid lokt bepaald gedrag uit van omgeving:
dit heeft weer effect op de persoon (bv. Huilbaby)
• Proactieve interactie: actief selecteren en bepalen van passende omgeving (soort zoekt
soort)
De vormende invloed van socialisatie
Door omgeving gevormd, genetische ‘dispositie’ wordt steeds minder van invloed
Of toch niet helemaal?
Aandeel van de omgeving factoren
Aandeel van de erfelijke factoren
Leeftijd
Onderzoek geeft aan dat mensen een (sociale) omgeving gaan uitzoeken die hen (qua aanleg) het
beste past
Zo is de peergroup die je uitzoekt grotendeels gekozen obv genetische eigenschappen als karakter en
intelligentie
Midas Dekkers
Zie paragraaf 4.5; kindgericht opvoeden
De invloed van natuurlijke rijping
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