Summary
Summary Multi-store Memory Model
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Looking into the multi-store memory model, the elements of it as well as evaluation for the theory.
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Multi-store Memory ModelMemory
KEY NAMES
Richard Atkinson & Richard Shiffrin (1968,1971)
Key words
Sensory Register
Multi-Store Memory
Model – A A stimulus from the environment will pass through the sensory register and it is not just one memory sto
representation of the but actually there is one for each of the five senses. There are two main stores that information is stored
and these are the ionic memory (information coded visually) and the echoic memory (information coded
way that memory works
acoustically). Duration for the sensory register is short, lasting only around half of a second. Capacity is
with three stores and high within the sensory register.
how memory moves
between them Short Term Memory (STM)
Also known as the limited capacity store, it can only contain a certain number of things. (See ‘Coding,
Sensory Register – The Capacity and Duration’ for theory and evaluation of theory.) Believed to be anywhere around 7+/- 2
memory store for each things, though research actually suggests that it is closer to the lower end of 5 things.
of our five senses. Has
Long Term Memory (LTM)
very short duration
Things held within this memory store are potentially permanent, especially the information that has been
rehearsed for a long time. Psychologists believe the capacity of this store to be unlimited and the
information stored within able to last many years. (See ‘Coding, Capacity and Duration’ for Bahrick et a
(1975) and evaluation) Coding in this store tends to be primarily semantic. Material from the LTM has to
be transferred back into the STM by a process called retrieval. The MSM says that this is true of all
memories and that they cannot be directly recalled from the LTM.
Evaluation
There is more than one type of STM – Shallice and Warrington (1970) studied a patient with
amnesia known as KF. Short term memory for KF was poor when read aloud but better when h
read them to himself. This shows that there could be more than one type of short-term memory
store, perhaps one for non-verbal sounds (e.g sounds)
More than one type of rehearsal – Craik and Watkins (1973) found that there is two types of
rehearsal, not one as the MSM suggests. The first is maintenance, the one that MSM suggests,
which does not transfer the information to the LTM but rather maintains it in the STM. Elaborativ
rehearsal is needed for long-term storage, which occurs when information is linked to existing
knowledge.
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