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AQA A Level Depth Study Notes - Russia: The February/March Revolution 1917 $3.88
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AQA A Level Depth Study Notes - Russia: The February/March Revolution 1917

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Extremely high quality (A/A* level) and detailed notes on the Russia A Level Course covering: - Causes & Events of the 1917 Feb/March Revolution - The Dual Authority - Practice Questions

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  • March 16, 2022
  • 5
  • 2018/2019
  • Class notes
  • -
  • All classes

Subjects

  • russia
  • history
  • a level
  • aqa
  • depth study
  • lenin
  • communism
  • marxism
  • revolution
  • 1917
  • dual authority
  • stalin
  • februarymarch revolution

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Causes and events of the Feb/March 1917 revolution

CAUSES:
 Early 1917, Russia in crisis
 Support for the Tsarist regime was collapsing -> Tsar + Tsarina + Rasputin
 Triggered by bread shortages but rooted in long yrs of suffering + frustration under an
autocracy that was unable to adapt to change buty absolutely unwilling to give up power

PROBLEMS 1917:
 Disturbances in Petrograd: cities full, no food, no fuel
 Tsars courts  support collapsing + Rasputin crisis Soviets = elected
 Protest marches + strikes were spreading in the major cities council
 War  soldiers dying + people don’t have supplies
 Economy + workers conditions
 Tsar = at front-line, 28th Feb -> boards train to return to capital, stopped 200km away from
Petrograd, can’t return

KEY EVENTS DURING FEB 1917:

14th Feb:
 Strikers at 100,000
 News that bread would be rationed from 1 March brought long queues + riots – police
struggled to keep order

22nd Feb:
 20,000 workers locked out of Putilov Steel Works after pay talks collapsed
 Workers in other factories went on strike in support

23rd Feb:
 90,000 workers on strike + 50 factories closed  joined traditional march for International
Women’s Day
 Students + women from bread queues joined march
 City feel into chaos as 240,000 marched + order not restored until evening BUT NO DEATHS

24th Feb:
 200,000 workers were on strike  became increasingly violent, e.g. overturning statues of
the Tsars, waving red flags, wore red rosettes shouted revolutionary slogans
 Spontaneous demonstrations – no organisation from political parties

25th Feb:
 250,000 people (over ½ capitals workforce) -> became increasingly violent
 Shalfeev, in charge of the mounted police was dragged from his horse + shot
 Civilians were shot by soldiers on the Nevskii Prospekt but some Cossacks refused to attack
the strikers

26th Feb:
 Rodzianko, Duma President, sent the Tsar a telegram warning him of the serious situation in
Petrograd
 Nicholas ignored the warning + ordered the Duma to dissolve the next day

27th Feb:

,  Nicholas ordered Khabalov, Commander of the Petrograd Military District, to restore order
by military force. Around 40 demonstrators killed
 A mutiny began in the Volynskii regiment
o 66,000 soldiers joined protestors, arming them with rifles
 The Duma held a meeting, despite the Tsar’s orders + set up a Provisional Committee to
take over the gov (with 12 members)
o They were supported by the army’s High Command
 The same evening revolutionaries set up the Petrograd Soviet, which also intended to take
over the gov
o It began to organise food supplies for the city

28th Feb:
 Nicholas started to make his way back to Petrograd
 He sent a telegram offering to share power with the Duma  Rodzianko said it was too late

ISSUES WITH LEADERSHIP:
1. Almost all major Bolshevik leaders = absent at time of rev
o E.g. Lenin = in exile in Switzerland + Stalin in Siberia
2. Revolution appeared spontaneous + leaderless; wasn’t clear to what extent any of the small
groups of local Bolshevik activists played a part in instigating or influencing the course of it
o During + following the rev, local socialist groups helped to set up soviets (councils)
3. The most important was the Petrograd Soviet which represented works + soldiers
o Had 3,000 members by march 10
4. On 1 march produced the Order No. 1 promised soldier’s rights, in response to soldiers
refusing to fight
o All units elected deputy to the Soviet + agree to political control of Petrograd Soviet
o Military commission of Duma to be obeyed if it agreed with Soviet orders
o Soldiers could enjoy citizen’s rights when off duty + no honorific titles to be used

THE ABDICATION OF THE TSAR:
Actions taken by the Tsar Nicholas II
 Never returned to Petrograd  tried to get back from military HQ but forced to stop at
Pskov 200 miles south of destination after train was diverted
 He was advised to abdicate by Alexkeev on march 1, couldn’t find replacement
o Named brother Grand Duke Mikhail as the new Tsar, he had not been consulted +
refused unless offered to him by a Constituent Assembly elected by all the Russian
people
o Power instead transferred to a Provisional Government on 2nd March – formed
hastily when Mikhail effectively turned down the throne
o Lead by Prince Lvov a wealthy liberal landowner with a noble background
 Tsar + family under house arrest, dynasty came to end

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