Summary
Summary Elizabeth I: Foreign Policy Table
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This document contains a comprehensive table of Elizabeth I's foreign policy objectives in the Netherlands, France, Scotland and the New World.
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1Scotland France The Netherlands The New World
• 1559 a group of • March 1562, religious civil • It is possible to identify a breakdown • 1550 Spain had conquered Mexico,
Protestant lords in war broke out in France, in communication caused by Philip’s Peru, Chile and the Caribbean- no one
Scotland deposed Mary reducing the immediate move from the Netherlands to Madrid could trade without a license in these
of Guise threat of France in 1558 countries and all goods had to be
• Cecil was anxious to • French war was caused by • A succession of weak administrators registered in Seville
reduce French the spread of Calvinism and ruling the Netherlands on his behalf • Attempts at discovery by Sir Humphrey
influence in Scotland by powerful feudal nobles and inept Spanish ambassadors sent Gilbert and Martin Frobisher to find the
and had to persuade that had a lot of influence. to England North-West Passage formed only a
Elizabeth to send aid to The monarchy did not have • 3/4 of UK’s overseas trade passed small part of English Maritime
the rebels any significant power after through Antwerp and 3/4 trade was Enterprise- most was illegal piracy or
• Elizabeth agreed to the death of Henry II woollen illegal trade with the Spanish empire
financial aid and then • Wars lasted between • Antwerp businessmen has been • Silver was carried from S.America to
naval and military 1562-93 upset by the New Book of Rates Spain in 2 fleets, the Flotilla- which
forces after Cecil • The leading noble families, under Mary where duty imports were attracted pirates
threatened to resign the Guise and the Bourbon increased by 75% • 1562, John Hawkins sailed to West
• The aid was confirmed were divided over religion • Chief ministers in the Netherlands, Africa where he bought slaves which he
by the Treaty of while Catherine de Medici Cardinal Granvelle saw Elizabeth sold to colonists in the New World
Berwick which was struggled to preserve the sponsoring Protestant rebels and • Repeated this venture in 1564 with
Key
signed 1560 monarchy for her young believed that English traders were financial backing of Cecil, Leicester and
features • This has been called sons trying to spread Protestantism in the Elizabeth- received 60% on their own
the ‘British Strategy’ • Elizabeth was under Netherlands investment
• Treaty of Edinburgh in pressure from Dudley and • In 1563, Granvelle used the outbreak • Voyage ended all hopes of peaceful
1560, agreed that the Throckmorton to send help of plague in London as an excuse to trade with Spain
French would withdraw to the Huguenots, who were ban import of all English cloth • Spain began to strengthen their
from Scotland, leaving doing badly- a united • Elizabeth retaliated by stopping all defences and in 1568 attacked
a token force and a England under the Guise imports from the Netherlands- trade Hawkins’ fleet at San Juan de Ulna
new Protestant control would not be in between the two nations ceased • Hawkins’ returned to England with 15
government under Lord England’s best interest • Economic suffering caused both men and hostility broke out between the
James Stuart • The war went badly as the sides to resumption trade with 12 two nations
Huguenots were defeated in months
1562 and were disappointed • Outbreak of Calvinist riots in
by level of English support. Netherlands led to brief religious
• Joined the Catholics to drive toleration but Philip announced to
England out of France at Le crush heresy and sent Spanish army
Havre 1563 under Duke of Alva- Protestant exiles
• Treaty of Troyes 1564 sought regga in England
confirmed Calais
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